{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1791883311666,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian Council of Science and Technology Development"},{"name":"Professor Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior","award":["310468\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310468\/2021-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), as an adjunct therapy to exercise, can reduce pain in musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, PBMT associated with exercise decreases fatigue, accelerates muscle recovery and enhances performance and gain through different training protocols. Although it has not been investigated, the association of PBMT and exercise therapy could be an alternative to improve the positive effects of exercise in patients with non-specific low back pain (LBP). Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effects of PBMT associated with motor control exercise (MCE) versus placebo associated with MCE in patients with chronic non-specific LBP. This is a prospectively registered, two-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled, triple-blind trial. A total of 148 patients with chronic non-specific LBP will be randomised to either active PBMT associated with MCE or placebo PBMT associated with MCE. Treatment sessions will be provided twice a week for 6 weeks. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity and general disability measured at the end of the treatment. The secondary outcomes will be pain intensity and general disability measured 1\u2009month after the end of the treatment, 3, 6 and 12 months after randomisation, in addition to levels of prostaglandin E2 measured at the end of the treatment. Medication intake, cointerventions and adverse events will be measured at all time points. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Irmandade de Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Porto Alegre. The results will be disseminated through scientific publications and presentations at scientific meetings.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\nTrial registration number:\n<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05487118\">NCT05487118<\/jats:ext-link>\n.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T02:48:47Z","timestamp":1727405327000},"page":"e002199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of photobiomodulation therapy associated with motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05487118","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05487118","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Marcelo Ferreira Duarte","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Magnus","family":"Bjordal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jociane","family":"Schardong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Della M\u00e9a","family":"Plentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heliodora Le\u00e3o","family":"Casalechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto Cesar Pinto","family":"Leal-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaiane Silva","family":"Tomazoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092616350629000_10.3.e002199.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9"},{"key":"2024092616350629000_10.3.e002199.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"2024092616350629000_10.3.e002199.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397187469"},{"key":"2024092616350629000_10.3.e002199.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199802000-00008","article-title":"Delayed postural contraction of transversus abdominis in low back pain associated with movement of the lower limb","volume":"11","author":"Hodges","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"2024092616350629000_10.3.e002199.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E29","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00013","article-title":"Deep and Superficial Fibers of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Are Differentially Active During Voluntary Arm Movements","volume":"27","author":"Moseley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1986)"},{"key":"2024092616350629000_10.3.e002199.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199302000-00012","article-title":"Trunk Strength and Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Activity During Isometric Exercise in Chronic Low-Back Pain Patients and Controls","volume":"18","author":"Cassisi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1986)"},{"key":"2024092616350629000_10.3.e002199.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198510000-00012","article-title":"Quantification of lumbar function. 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