{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:41:20Z","timestamp":1782844880655,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019973","name":"Minist\u00e8re de l'Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur et de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019973","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Decathlon","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous work has demonstrated the protective effect of shoe cushioning on injury risk in leisure-time runners, but most models currently available on the market have greater cushioning than those investigated so far. Also, the optimal level of cushioning and the role of cushioning on the forepart of the shoe for injury prevention are still unknown. The main aim of this study is to determine whether (1) current \u2018extra soft\u2019 cushioning material at the rear part of the shoe reduces injury risk compared with stiffer material and (2) cushioning under the forepart of the shoe also contributes to injury risk reduction. This randomised trial with a 6-month intervention will involve 1000+ healthy leisure-time runners who will randomly receive one of the three running shoe versions. Study shoe versions will differ in their cushioning properties (ie, stiffness) at the rear or the forepart. Participants will self-report any lower limb or lower back problems on a dedicated electronic system every week, while the system will collect training data from the participant\u2019s sports watch. Time-to-event analyses will be used to compare injury risk between the three study groups and to investigate the association between the runner\u2019s characteristics, cushioning level and position, training and injury risk. The study was approved by the National Ethics Committee for Research (Ref: 202405\/02\u2009v2.0), and the protocol has been registered on <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:ext-link> (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06384872\">NCT06384872<\/jats:ext-link>, 02\/08\/2024). Outcomes will be disseminated through presentations at international conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals, popular magazines and specialised websites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:55:13Z","timestamp":1728694513000},"page":"e002217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Running shoe cushioning properties at the rearfoot and forefoot and their relationship to injury: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial on leisure-time runners"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06384872","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06384872","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Malisoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Urhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Clinique d'Eich, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"},{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Science, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Decathlon SportsLab Research 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