{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:10:24Z","timestamp":1785384624517,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on upper limb injuries in elite female rugby athletes are limited. This study aims to describe the incidence, severity and burden of upper limb injuries over five seasons in elite women\u2019s rugby at both the club and international levels in training and matches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal cohort study was conducted from the 2017\/2018 to 2021\/2022 seasons, involving female players from the English club top tier and international team. Data on upper limb injuries were reported by team medical staff, capturing injury type, location, severity and mechanism. Injury incidence was calculated per 1000 hours of match\/training exposure, and burden was measured by multiplying incidence by severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 190 upper limb injuries were recorded, with shoulder injuries the most common, representing 43% of all injuries. Median severity (mid-range of injury severity within the data) in international settings was lower than in club settings (Club matches 38 days, IQR 65, international matches 15 days, IQR 55). Injury burden (which is derived from injury mean severity and injury incidence) was significantly higher at international level (club matches, 265\u2009days\/1000\u2009hours, 95%\u2009CI 213 to 328; club training 6\u2009days\/1000\u2009hours, 95%\u2009CI 6 to 8; international matches 2638\u2009days\/1000\u2009hours, 95%\u2009CI 2000 to 3481; international training 51\u2009days\/1000\u2009hours, 95%\u2009CI 30 to 88).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study data highlight a low injury severity at an international level. Although the international injury severity rate is higher than club injury incidence and burden. Hand injuries were more common within club training settings, and the shoulder was more prevalent in all other settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:21:31Z","timestamp":1743736891000},"page":"e002359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal study of five seasons of upper limb injuries in training and matches in elite female rugby union at club and national team level"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2907-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Sarah","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Sport and Professional Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Sport and Professional Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith A","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Sports Medicine, Rugby Football Union, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health, and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Horsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Sports Institute, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon P T","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine, Rugby Football Union, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Soundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Sport and Professional Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.05.006"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102529"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.05.002","article-title":"Redislocation risk after an arthroscopic Bankart procedure in collision athletes: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Alkaduhimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507300691"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.07.001","article-title":"Time to level the playing field between men and women - Given similar injury incidence: A two-season analysis of match injuries in elite men and women\u2019s (Super League) rugby league","volume":"27","author":"Scantlebury","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105831"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101921"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31803220b3"},{"key":"2025121311200790000_11.2.e002359.9","unstructured":"IBM Corp . 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