{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:29:50Z","timestamp":1792193390097,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009123","name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81771516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the contribution of walking, running and cycling to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity (TPA) across and within seasons in adolescents and adults<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 4433 adolescents (mean age 15.4 years, range 13\u201317, 56.4% female) and 28 082 adults (mean age 53.1 years, range 18\u2013103, 56.9% female) who participated in the population-based HUNT Study from 2017 to 2019. Participants wore two accelerometers (mean wear time 5.6 days (SD 1.1), range 1\u20137 days), one on the thigh and one on the lower back, to determine MVPA (defined as moderate\/brisk walking (&gt;4.0 km\/hour), running and cycling) and TPA (MVPA plus slow walking (\u22644.0 km\/hour))<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median MVPA (min\/week) across seasons was 224 (36% of TPA) in adolescents and 152 (24% of TPA), 150 (22% of TPA), 100 (17% of TPA) and 34 (8% of TPA) in adults aged 18\u201349, 50\u201364, 65\u201374 and \u226575 years, respectively. Slow walking constituted 64% of TPA across seasons among adolescents, increasing to 92% among those aged \u226575 years.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Within seasons, moderate\/brisk walking constituted 77\u201382% of MVPA in adolescents and 72\u201399% in adults. Adolescents accumulated 104\u2009min\/week (IQR 58\u2013175) less MVPA during winter than summer. The corresponding differences in adults aged 18\u201349 and 50\u201364 years were 59 (40\u201390) and 51 (33\u201377), min\/week, respectively. Seasonal differences in MVPA were less pronounced in the age groups 65\u201374 and \u226575 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moderate\/brisk walking is the main contributor to MVPA in adolescents and adults. The level of MVPA, its seasonal variation and its relative proportion of TPA decrease from adolescence throughout adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T08:40:17Z","timestamp":1761554417000},"page":"e002394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Contribution of walking, running and cycling to moderate-to-vigorous and total physical activity in adolescents and adults across and within seasons: cross-sectional data from the Norwegian HUNT Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4887-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atle","family":"Kongsvold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4580-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mats","family":"Flaaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4135-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eivind Schjelderup","family":"Skarpsno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksej","family":"Logacjov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom Ivar","family":"Lund Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Clinic of Emergency Medicine and Prehospital Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3355-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Jarle","family":"Mork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000437"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global status report on physical activity 2022. Geneva World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.4","unstructured":"Department of Health SGoV, Australia . Walking for good health. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au\/health\/healthyliving\/walking-for-good-health"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.5","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa . Physical activity: U.S. department of health & human services. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/physicalactivity\/index.html"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.6","unstructured":"Physical activity: walking and cycling. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2012. Available: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ph412023"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094157"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-014-0132-x","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of reduction in all-cause mortality from walking and cycling and shape of dose response relationship","volume":"11","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0754-7","article-title":"Shifting the Physical Inactivity Curve Worldwide by Closing the Gender Gap","volume":"48","author":"Mielke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60735-1"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0555-2","article-title":"Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: the structured days hypothesis","volume":"14","author":"Brazendale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169649","article-title":"Large Scale Population Assessment of Physical Activity Using Wrist Worn Accelerometers: The UK Biobank Study","volume":"12","author":"Doherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01521-2","article-title":"How do the year\u2019s seasons and specific weather indices affect physical activity and the patterns of use of public open spaces in the Brazilian context?","volume":"20","author":"Rech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.092841"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.01.016","article-title":"Seasonality of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in a middle-aged and elderly population: The Rotterdam study","volume":"110","author":"Cepeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac095"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae013","article-title":"Cohort Profile Update: The Young-HUNT Study, Norway","volume":"53","author":"Rangul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jmpb.2021-0015"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s21237853","article-title":"HARTH: A Human Activity Recognition Dataset for Machine Learning","volume":"21","author":"Logacjov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logacjov A , Pedersen Ludvigsen T , Bach K , et al . The performance of a machine learning model in predicting accelerometer-derived walking speed. SSRN [Preprint] 2024. doi:10.2139\/ssrn.4954320","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4954320"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.21","unstructured":"Wold T , Skaugvoll SAE . Ensemble classifier managing uncertainty in accelerometer data within human activity recognition systems . Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 2019."},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01541-y","article-title":"Can the bias of self-reported sitting time be corrected? A statistical model validation study based on data from 23 993 adults in the Norwegian HUNT study","volume":"20","author":"Kongsvold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.23","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour: at a glance. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020."},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097330"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy117","article-title":"Ten-Year Changes in Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Time During Midlife: The CARDIA Study","volume":"187","author":"Pettee Gabriel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0746-5","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of changes in objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity: six-year follow-up of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort","volume":"15","author":"Hajna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2023-0106","article-title":"Accelerometry Measured Movement Behaviors in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the ELSA-Brasil Study","volume":"20","author":"de Paula","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106953"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.05.030","article-title":"Re-evaluating the effect of age on physical activity over the lifespan","volume":"101","author":"Varma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30323-2","article-title":"Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1\u00b76 million participants","volume":"4","author":"Guthold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01091-1","article-title":"Seasons, weather, and device-measured movement behaviors: a scoping review from 2006 to 2020","volume":"18","author":"Turrisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112135","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between daily step count and prevalence of sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study","volume":"175","author":"Iwasaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.5174","article-title":"Association of Daily Step Patterns With Mortality in US Adults","volume":"6","author":"Inoue","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1382"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.15592","article-title":"Volume and Intensity of Walking and Risk of Chronic Low Back Pain","volume":"8","author":"Haddadj","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102601"},{"key":"2025102701401057000_11.4.e002394.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01439-5","article-title":"Estimation of the risk of the frailty syndrome in the independent-living population of older people","volume":"32","author":"Ignasiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T08:40:22Z","timestamp":1761554422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopensem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-002394","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}