{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:05:12Z","timestamp":1756425912388,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Irish Rugby Football Union Charitable Trust","award":["22355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22355"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe training loads and injury incidences, and explore their relationship in senior schoolboy rugby players in Leinster, Ireland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective cohort study conducted during the 2019\u20132020 season. Methods aligned with consensus statements for rugby injury surveillance research. Injuries were coded using the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) version 10.1 and recorded using the World Rugby Injury Surveillance System. Training load measures (session type, duration and rate of perceived exertion) were recorded by the players using The Sports Office smartphone application.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 463 participants (mean age 17, (SD=0.9 years)) in 16 schools provided data over 20 weeks. Injury incidence per 1000 player hours was 19.9 (95% CI: 15.2 to 25.6) match injuries and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.4 to 1.0) training injuries. Median injury severity was 22 days (95%\u2009CI: 17 to 28) lost for match injuries and 14 days (95%\u2009CI: 5 to 41) lost for training injuries. Frequent injury sites included shoulder (n=23, 27%), head (n=22, 26%), wrist\/hand (n=9, 11%), ankle (n=8, 10%) and knee (n=5, 6%). Tackle accounted for 49% of injuries. Players\u2019 recording of individual training load showed 11.5% compliance. Exposure was calculated as 31\u2009141 training hours and 3063 match hours. Training sessions included conditioning weights (31%), rugby skills: non-contact (28%) and semicontact (24%), with variation in proportion of sessions across schools.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Match activity and tackle events accounted for most injuries. Training exposure and type varied widely across schools. Low compliance in recorded individual training load limited analysis of association with injury risk, highlighting the challenge in identifying injury risk factors in an adolescent cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T14:10:15Z","timestamp":1756390215000},"page":"e002535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Training load and injury surveillance in Leinster SChoolboy RUgby players: the SCRUm cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4377-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Leddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Clancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cliff","family":"Beirne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Rugby Football Union Charitable Trust, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3806-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Rugby Football Union Charitable Trust, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bleakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0300-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen P","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.1","unstructured":"Nielsen RO . Global reach of Rugby 2019; a nielsen study for World Rugby. World Rugby; 2020. Available: https:\/\/resources.world.rugby\/worldrugby\/document\/2020\/11\/02\/581254d9-5d92-4df9-b84b-f2af112d9b2a\/Report-Global-Reach-of-Rugby-2019-EN-.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.2","unstructured":"IRFU . Irish Rugby Football Union annual report 2018\/2019. 2019. Available: https:\/\/d19fc3vd0ojo3m.cloudfront.net\/irfu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/18104921\/IRFU_AnnualReport_1819.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.3","unstructured":"IRFU . Irish Rugby Football Union annual report 2019\/2020. 2020. Available: https:\/\/d2cx26qpfwuhvu.cloudfront.net\/irfu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/23141159\/IRFU_AnnualReport_201920.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.4","unstructured":"Rugby W . Laws of the game Rugby union. 2021. Available: https:\/\/d26phqdbpt0w91.cloudfront.net\/NonVideo\/34286753-2509-4c30-e79a-08d8c96dfa08.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.5","unstructured":"IRFU . Playing the game - Age grade - Schools. 2019. Available: https:\/\/www.irishrugby.ie\/playing-the-game\/age-grade\/schools\/"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.6","unstructured":"IRFU . IRFU age grade regulations 2020-21. 2020. Available: https:\/\/d2cx26qpfwuhvu.cloudfront.net\/irfu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/31162544\/IRFU-Age-Grade-Regulations-2020-21.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-46.5.555","article-title":"Epidemiology of adolescent rugby injuries: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Bleakley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093684"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.05.005"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01826-z"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095491"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.12","unstructured":"Leahy TM , Comyns T , Kenny I , et al . The Irish Rugby injury surveillance project school senior cup Rugby 2018 - 2020 summary season report. 2022. Available: https:\/\/d19fc3vd0ojo3m.cloudfront.net\/irfu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/18112221\/IRIS-Schools-Season-Report-18_20-web.pdf [Accessed 26 Jan 2023]."},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/IJSPP.2017-0208"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101969"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095445"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095788"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13343","article-title":"Training and match volume and injury in adolescents playing multiple contact team sports: A prospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Hartwig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001708","article-title":"Validity of Daily and Weekly Self-Reported Training Load Measures in Adolescent Athletes","volume":"31","author":"Phibbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033282"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"4","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318059b536"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S7715","article-title":"Revision, uptake and coding issues related to the open access Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) versions 8, 9 and 10.1","volume":"1","author":"Orchard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Access J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514560337"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0913-5"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097434"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.26","unstructured":"Leahy TM , Comyns T , Kenny IC , et al . The Irish Rugby injury surveillance project: school senior cup Rugby 2018-2019 season report. 2019.1\u201331. Available: https:\/\/d19fc3vd0ojo3m.cloudfront.net\/irfu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/18112221\/IRIS-Schools-Season-Report-18_20-web.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.1.36"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0838-4"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01603-w","article-title":"Injuries in Elite Men\u2019s Rugby Union: An Updated (2012-2020) Meta-Analysis of 11,620 Match and Training Injuries","volume":"52","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23259671211023431","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211023431","article-title":"Epidemiology of Shoulder Injuries in Schoolboy Rugby Union in Ireland","volume":"9","author":"Leahy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.248","article-title":"Injury patterns in U15 rugby players in Ulster schools: A Rugby Injury Surveillance (RISUS) Study","volume":"4","author":"Archbold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Sports Med"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512473818"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.33","unstructured":"Barden C , Hancock M , Stokes K , et al . Youth Rugby injury surveillance and prevention project season report 2019-2020. England England Rugby Football Union; 2021.19. Available: https:\/\/keepyourbootson.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/YRISP-Report-2019-20.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.34","unstructured":"World Rugby . World Rugby confirms lower tackle height law trials for community Rugby. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.world.rugby\/news\/808734\/world-rugby-confirms-lower-tackle-height-law-trials-for-community-rugby"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097895"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.36","unstructured":"IRFU . Tackle behaviour. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.irishrugby.ie\/playing-the-game\/tackle-behaviour\/"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.37","unstructured":"IRFU . IRFU guide to concussion in amateur Rugby union. 2018. Available: https:\/\/d2cx26qpfwuhvu.cloudfront.net\/irfu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/30172053\/IRFU-Concussion-Brochure-2018.pdf"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000400","article-title":"Technical Skill Training Framework and Skill Load Measurements for the Rugby Union Tackle","volume":"40","author":"Hendricks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.39","unstructured":"World Rugby . Contact load guidelines. 2021. Available: https:\/\/resources.world.rugby\/worldrugby\/document\/2021\/09\/22\/d2bd955b-1a87-438d-805b-398e3e099752\/210806-Contact-Load-guidelines-final-for-website-.pdf [Accessed 19 Dec 2022]."},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097372.120"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.41","unstructured":"IRFU . IRFU engage programme. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.irishrugby.ie\/running-your-club\/levelup\/engage\/"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.42","first-page":"732","article-title":"Impact of Sport Context and Support on the Use of a Self-Report Measure for Athlete Monitoring","volume":"14","author":"Saw","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Medicine"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.02.006","article-title":"Injury surveillance and prevention practices across Rugby schools in Ireland","volume":"43","author":"Leahy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003998","article-title":"Epidemiology of time-loss injuries in English community-level rugby union","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.02.009","article-title":"A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention","volume":"9","author":"Finch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025082807100435000_11.3.e002535.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.08.006","article-title":"Guidelines for community-based injury surveillance in rugby union","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002535","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T14:10:21Z","timestamp":1756390221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopensem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002535","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}