{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:57:35Z","timestamp":1780498655163,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":83,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003965","name":"International Olympic Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the prevalence and nature of Olympic-career related injuries and illnesses, and behaviours during injury\/illness, in Olympians in the 4 years prior to their participation at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic Games.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>315 current Olympians from 70 countries completed a cross-sectional online survey, distributed by direct email through National Olympian Associations and World Olympians Association databases. Questions included Olympic sport exposure, significant training and competition injury and illness history (lasting &gt;2 weeks) and athlete behaviours during injury\/illness.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>65% of Olympians were women (35% men), representing 51 sports (37 summer, 14 winter), aged 28.6 years (4.6). Overall, 58.5% (95% CI 52.2% to 64.9%) of summer and 55.6% (95% CI 44.7% to 66.4%) of winter Olympians were injured, with knee injuries most frequent (19.6% summer, 27.8% winter Olympians). Injury rates were similar between males and females. 17.1% (95% CI 12.3% to 21.9%) of summer and 23.5% (95% CI 13.1% to 31.3%) of winter Olympians were ill, with respiratory illness most frequent. Illness rates were (non-significantly) higher for female versus male winter Olympians (adjusted relative risk 2.04 (95% CI 0.73 to 5.76)) but similar between male and female summer Olympians. 78% of Olympians said they put the most pressure on themselves to return from injury\/illness quickly. Almost half reported using painkillers during injury, while one-quarter continued full training\/competition during injury\/illness. Injury and illness prevalence followed similar bimodal and trimodal seasonal patterns for summer and winter Olympians, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Olympians report a significant history of injury and illness across the 4\u2009years before the Olympic Games. A biopsychosocial approach that supports athletes during injury\/illness absences is needed. Concurrent injury\/illness prevention strategies should be considered to reduce the burden of both injuries and illnesses at key times in an athlete\u2019s season.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T04:50:16Z","timestamp":1758516616000},"page":"e002545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Insights from the first IOC Olympian Health Cohort: injury and illness in Olympians preparing for the Tokyo 2020 Summer and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Centre, University of Edinburgh Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, 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UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5394-975X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niall","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Sports Medicine, Sport Scotland Institute of Sport, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1946-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain 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