{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:45:07Z","timestamp":1790297107837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310468\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310468\/2021-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/11878-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/11878-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\/21982-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/21982-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\/15719-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/15719-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) has demonstrated benefits for enhancing performance and recovery when applied before or after exercise sessions, its effects on adaptations during periods without training after strength training protocols remain unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PBMT-sMF on the maintenance of muscle strength and structural properties of the quadriceps during a 4-week detraining period following a 12-week resistance strength training programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, 48 healthy men were randomised to one of four groups: PBMT-sMF during both training and detraining, PBMT-sMF during training and placebo during detraining, placebo during training and PBMT-sMF during detraining or placebo throughout. All participants completed 12 weeks of unilateral resistance training (leg press and leg extension, twice weekly), followed by 4 weeks of detraining. PBMT-sMF or placebo was applied bilaterally to the anterior thigh prior to each session of exercise and two times per week during detraining. Outcomes included maximal voluntary contraction (MVC, primary outcome), as well as one-repetition maximum (1RM), muscle volume and anatomical cross-sectional area, measured at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBMT-sMF significantly preserved muscle strength (MVC and 1RM) and structural features (volume and anatomical cross-sectional area) during detraining compared with placebo (p&lt;0.05). The group that received PBMT-sMF during both the training and detraining phases demonstrated the greatest preservation across all outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBMT-sMF significantly attenuated strength loss and structural muscle changes during the detraining period after a resistance training programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03858179\">NCT03858179<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T10:40:24Z","timestamp":1765536024000},"page":"e002799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field on training adaptations and detraining responses: a randomised placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03858179","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03858179","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Paulo Roberto Vicente","family":"de Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaiane Silva","family":"Tomazoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline dos Santos Monteiro","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Lima","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neide Firmo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Marinho Aguiar","family":"Lino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Barbosa","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Ferreira Duarte","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3734-2412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Older Manoel","family":"de Ara\u00fajo-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio Pinto","family":"Dorneles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriane Aver","family":"Vanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Manfredini","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Magnus","family":"Bjordal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1846-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heliodora Le\u00e3o","family":"Casalechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto Cesar Pinto","family":"Leal-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"ELJ Consultancy, Scientific Consultants, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00149619-200206000-00007"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030020-00002"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.6.2080","article-title":"Effects of chronic exercise and deconditioning on platelet function in women","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1334766","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory and metabolic consequences of detraining in endurance athletes","volume":"14","author":"Barbieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02120-2","article-title":"Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial and Capillary Growth in Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression","volume":"55","author":"M\u00f8lmen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114310"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12047","article-title":"Effect of training cessation on muscular performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Bosquet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198908050-00004"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000442087","article-title":"Effects of a Supervised versus an Unsupervised Combined Balance and Strength Training Program on Balance and Muscle Power in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"62","author":"Lacroix","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.11.1.109"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.2.631"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.936326","article-title":"Strategies to maintain skeletal muscle mass in the injured athlete: nutritional considerations and exercise mimetics","volume":"15","author":"Wall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.9848"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2368-6"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3055-y"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02858-6","article-title":"Photobiomodulation therapy and NMES improve muscle strength and jumping performance in young volleyball athletes: a randomized controlled trial study in Brazil","volume":"35","author":"da Cunha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2396-2","article-title":"When is the best moment to apply photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) when associated to a treadmill endurance-training program? A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Miranda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-020-00171-2","article-title":"Does the combination of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and static magnetic fields (sMF) potentiate the effects of aerobic endurance training and decrease the loss of performance during detraining? A randomised, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"de Paiva","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.047738"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030194","article-title":"Effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined to static magnetic field in strength training and detraining in humans: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"de Paiva","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.21","unstructured":"Brown L . Isokinetics in human performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000:16\u201331."},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000227322.61964.d2"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.6.543"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23785"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00619.x"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200301000-00007"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0974-4"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2015.05.013"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.29","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd edn. Hillsdale (NJ): Routledge, 1988:400."},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1297-9"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.31","first-page":"929","article-title":"The effects of detraining on power athletes","volume":"25","author":"Hortob\u00e1gyi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9478-7","article-title":"Effects of strength training and detraining on knee extensor strength, muscle volume and muscle quality in elderly women","volume":"35","author":"Correa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2010.00732.x","article-title":"In vivo low-level light therapy increases cytochrome oxidase in skeletal muscle","volume":"86","author":"Hayworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091671","article-title":"Can Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) Minimize Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"De Marchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-020-00214-8","article-title":"What is the optimal time-response window for the use of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) for the improvement of exercise performance and recovery, and for how long the effects last? A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Leal-Junior","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121202401448000_11.4.e002799.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5978\/islsm.18.137","article-title":"Combined magnetic and pulsed laser fields produce synergistic acceleration of cellular el\u00e9ctron transfer","volume":"18","author":"Friedmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laser Ther"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Sport &amp; Exercise Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002799","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T10:40:28Z","timestamp":1765536028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopensem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-002799","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}