{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:14:24Z","timestamp":1788351264481,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eat2Move","award":["PS2014-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS2014-49"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence and characteristics of injuries among tennis coaches in the Netherlands and examine associations with individual and occupational factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional survey, all 1902 licensed tennis coaches in the Netherlands were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Data were collected on injuries during a 2-year recall period, as well as mental health problems, pain-medication use, healthcare utilisation and work-related characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>900 coaches (74.8% men) completed the survey and 37% reported at least one injury in the previous 2 years. Injuries most frequently affected the lower back (19.5%), shoulder (12.0%), knee (11.6%), neck (7.4%) and elbow (6.2%), with overuse injuries accounting for the largest proportion. Injury prevalence did not differ significantly between male and female coaches. Coaches reporting injuries were taller and had a higher body mass index than uninjured coaches, although differences were small. Approximately one-third of coaches reported that injuries interfered with their ability to teach or play tennis. Pain medication use during tennis instruction was reported by 23% of coaches. Among coaches with health problems, 35% consulted a physiotherapist, 35%\u2009a general practitioner and 9% attended an emergency department.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Musculoskeletal injuries are common among tennis coaches and most frequently affect the lower back and lower extremities. Many coaches continue teaching despite ongoing injuries and functional complaints, often accompanied by substantial healthcare utilisation and pain medication use. These findings provide insight into the musculoskeletal health burden associated with tennis coaching and highlight the need to include coaches in tennis injury prevention initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2025-003189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:40:29Z","timestamp":1775842829000},"page":"e003189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Injury prevalence and characteristics among tennis coaches in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rieneke","family":"Terink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille","family":"Baart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Valley, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nynke","family":"De Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Valley, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Wies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KNLTB, Amstelveen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0655-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babette M","family":"Pluim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"Medical, KNLTB, Amstelveen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Zwerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.1","unstructured":"Bowers C . Participation hits 106 million in five years. ITF Global Tennis Report; 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.itftennis.com\/en\/news-and-media\/articles\/itf-global-tennis-report-participation-hits-106-million-in-five-years\/ [accessed 15 Dec 2025]"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01807-8","article-title":"Physical Demands of Tennis Across the Different Court Surfaces, Performance Levels and Sexes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Pluim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211051636","article-title":"External Training Load and the Association With Back Pain in Competitive Adolescent Tennis Players: Results From the SMASH Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"Johansson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211051643","article-title":"Association Between Spikes in External Training Load and Shoulder Injuries in Competitive Adolescent Tennis Players: The SMASH Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"Johansson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.5","article-title":"Injury Risk Factors of the Tennis Serve: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Bradley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Rehabil Sci Pract"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13100336","article-title":"Risk Factors and Prevention of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adolescent and Adult High-Performance Tennis Players: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"Amor-Salamanca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097865"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.147519","article-title":"Musculoskeletal Injuries and Illness in Professional British Tennis Players: An Injury Surveillance Study","volume":"20","author":"Nutt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.06.006","article-title":"A multi-year injury epidemiology analysis of an elite national junior tennis program","volume":"22","author":"Gescheit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381251387672","article-title":"Tennis 10+ Warm-Up and Cool-Down Program: A 1-Year Longitudinal Analysis of Compliance and Injury Rates in Adult Recreational Tennis Players","volume":"18","author":"Render","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116668138","article-title":"Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Conditions in Tennis-Teaching Professionals","volume":"4","author":"Colberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.02.009","article-title":"A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention","volume":"9","author":"Finch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.13","unstructured":"Poel E , Davids R . Amstelveen: KNLTB; KNLTB Jaarverslag 2020, 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.knltb.nl\/media\/tnrmyflp\/knltb-jaarverslag-2020-def.pdf [Accessed 15 Dec 2025]."},{"key":"2026090204251399000_12.2.e003189.14","unstructured":"Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennis Bond (KNLTB) . KNLTB tennisleraren app. KNLTB; 2023. 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