{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:08:08Z","timestamp":1789949288896,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Support Palliat Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cachexia describes a complex pathological syndrome of muscle wasting, anorexia and weight loss. Progesterone therapies have been shown to improve appetite and promote weight gain in patients with cachexia; however, research has focused heavily on patients with cancer, and its effectiveness in other diseases remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review aimed to present the evidence available for progesterone therapy as a treatment for non-cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surrogate outcome measures used were weight change, lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, appetite, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and serum albumin. Both randomised and non-randomised trials were included. A literature search of clinical trials using the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms \u2018cachexia\u2019 OR \u2018anorexia\u2019 OR \u2018weight\u2019 OR \u2018frail (truncated)\u2019 OR \u2018appetite\u2019 OR \u2018wasting syndrome\u2019 PLUS \u2018megestrol acetate\u2019 OR \u2018medroxyprogesterone acetate\u2019 was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen studies were included in this review; 12 randomised control trials and 6 non-randomised trials. This collated results from 916 patients with HIV\/AIDS, end-stage renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and geriatric cachexia. Meta-analysis comparing progesterone therapy with placebo concluded mean change in weight was not significant (mean difference (MD) 1.56, 95% CI \u22120.36 to 3.52, p=0.12). There was little evidence to show significant impact on LBM, and no trials looked at muscle strength. There was a paucity of evidence looking at appetite and HRQOL; however, results were generally positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current evidence does not support the use of progesterone therapies for non-cancer cachexia. There may however be a limited role for its use as an appetite stimulant in a palliative context on a case-by-case basis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2015-001041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T05:44:22Z","timestamp":1461217462000},"page":"276-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Progesterone therapy for the treatment of non-cancer cachexia: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Joanne K","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Pendleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051612411061000_6.3.276.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074807"},{"key":"2024051612411061000_6.3.276.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2008.11.003","article-title":"Effect of megestrol acetate on serum albumin level in malnourished dialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Monfared","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2024051612411061000_6.3.276.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3281e2c983"},{"key":"2024051612411061000_6.3.276.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argil\u00e9s JM , Busquets S , Moore-Carrasco R , et al . 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