{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:24:15Z","timestamp":1791944655642,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Harbour Foundation","award":["549321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["549321"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["209207\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209207\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Sex Reprod Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the last 20 years, new contraceptive methods became available and incentives to increase contraceptive uptake were introduced. We aimed to describe temporal trends in non-barrier contraceptive prescribing in UK primary care for the period 2000\u20132018.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A repeated cross-sectional study using patient data from the IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD) database. The proportion (95% CI) of women prescribed non-barrier contraception per year was captured.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 2 705 638 women aged 15\u201349 years were included. Between 2000 and 2018, the proportion of women prescribed combined hormonal contraception (CHC) fell from 26.2% (26.0%\u201326.3%) to 14.3% (14.2%\u201314.3%). Prescriptions for progestogen-only pills (POPs) and long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) rose from 4.3% (4.3%\u20134.4%) to 10.8% (10.7%\u201310.9%) and 4.2% (4.1%\u20134.2%) to 6.5% (6.5%\u20136.6%), respectively. Comparing 2018 data for most deprived versus least deprived areas, women from the most deprived areas were more likely to be prescribed LARC (7.7% (7.5%\u20137.9%) vs 5.6% (5.4%\u20135.8%)) while women from the least deprived areas were more likely to be prescribed contraceptive pills (20.8% (21.1%\u201321.5%) vs 26.2% (26.5%\u201326.9%)). In 2009, LARC prescriptions increased irrespective of age and social deprivation in line with a pay-for-performance incentive. However, following the incentive's withdrawal in 2014, LARC prescriptions for adolescents aged 15\u201319 years fell from 6.8% (6.6%\u20137.0%) in 2013 to 5.6% (5.4%\u20135.8%) in 2018.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CHC prescribing fell by 46% while POP prescribing more than doubled. The type of contraception prescribed was influenced by social deprivation. Withdrawal of a pay-for-performance incentive may have adversely affected adolescent LARC uptake, highlighting the need for further intervention to target this at-risk group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2021-201260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T13:26:08Z","timestamp":1636982768000},"page":"193-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Time trends in contraceptive prescribing in UK primary care 2000\u20132018: a repeated cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Joshua","family":"Pasvol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E Anne","family":"Macgregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Rait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Horsfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2017-200037"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-016-0255-4"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.3","unstructured":"BMA & NHS Employers . Quality and outcomes framework guidance for GMS contract. 2009\/10 http:\/\/www.wales.nhs.uk\/sites3\/Documents\/480\/QOF_Guidance_2009-10_FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.4","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Long-Acting reversible contraception: the effective and appropriate use of long-acting reversible contraception, 2005. Available: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg30\/evidence\/full-guideline-pdf-194840607 [Accessed 1 Jul 2021]."},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.5","unstructured":"Public Health England . HIV, sexual and reproductive health: current news bulletin 2014. Available: https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/308135\/HIV_Sexual_and_Reprodutive_Health_Current_Issues_Bulletin_Issue_4.pdf [Accessed 01 Jul 2021]."},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.6","unstructured":"NHS Digital . Sexual and reproductive health services, England (contraception) 2019\/20, 2020. Available: https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/sexual-and-reproductive-health-services\/2019-20 [Accessed 01 Jul 2021]."},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011966"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14236\/jhi.v19i3.811"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14236\/jhi.v19i4.820"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.10","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and ageing, 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing\/indicator-explorer-new\/mca\/proportion-of-women-of-reproductive-age-(aged-15-49-years)-who-have-their-need-for-family-planning-satisfied-with-modern-methods [Accessed 1 Jul 2021]."},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3368"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1688"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(88)90006-1","article-title":"Health and deprivation. inequality and the North. London: Croom Helm","volume":"10","author":"Phillimore","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20190087"},{"key":"2025100723401402000_48.3.193.15","unstructured":"Family Planning NSW . Contraception in Australia 2005-2018, 2020. 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