{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:48:40Z","timestamp":1758815320188,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DTB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the UK, chickenpox (primary varicella virus infection) is usually a mild, self-limiting disease of childhood.1 It is more severe in adults.1 For example, of every 100,000 people who contract chickenpox, around 4-9 die from it, of whom 81-85% are adults.2<jats:sup>,<\/jats:sup>3 Chickenpox infection in pregnant women can lead to a severe maternal illness and it appears five times more likely to be fatal than in non-pregnant women.4 Although most women who have chickenpox in pregnancy give birth to healthy children, in other cases, the baby is harmed by in-utero infection or severe varicella of the newborn.1 Here we review the risks and key aspects of diagnosis and further management of varicella infection in pregnancy and the neonatal period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2005.43969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,18]],"date-time":"2008-07-18T16:15:40Z","timestamp":1216397740000},"page":"69-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chickenpox, pregnancy and the newborn"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"43","member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S314","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.Supplement_3.S314","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus epidemiology - a changing scene?","volume":"174","author":"Fairley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7321.1091","article-title":"Deaths from chickenpox in England and Wales 1995\u00e2\u0080\u00937: analysis of routine mortality data","volume":"323","author":"Rawson","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.3","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7321.1091"},{"unstructured":"Department of Health. 2004 Varicella [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/assetRoot\/04\/07\/31\/40\/04073140.pdf [Accessed 18 August 2005].","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.4"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.2.154","article-title":"Changes in age related seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus: impact on vaccine strategy","volume":"55","author":"Kudesia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00316.x","article-title":"Review of varicella zoster seroepidemiology in India and South-east Asia","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.7","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00316.x"},{"unstructured":"Sissons JG . Herpesviruses (excluding Epstein-Barr virus) Warrell DA . Oxford Textbook of Medicine Fourth edition Volume 1: Sections 1-10 Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003.","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.8"},{"unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2001 Chickenpox in pregnancy [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/resources\/Public\/pdf\/Chickenpox_No13.pdf [Accessed 18 August 2005].","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.9"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1086\/338832","article-title":"Risk factors and outcome of varicella-zoster virus pneumonia in pregnant women","volume":"185","author":"Harger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.11","DOI":"10.1086\/338832"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92943-2","article-title":"Consequences of varicella and herpes zoster in pregnancy: prospective study of 1739 cases","volume":"343","author":"Enders","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"unstructured":"Hinshaw K Fayyad A . 2000 The management of early pregnancy loss - (25) Oct 2000 [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/printindex.asp?PageID=515 [Accessed 18 August 2005].","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.13"},{"unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. 2005 Deaths 2001: Childhood, infant and perinatal mortality: stillbirths, infant deaths and childhood deaths under 15 (rates) [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.uk\/STATBASE\/xsdataset.asp?%20%20%20More=Y&vlnk=6667&All=Y&B2.x=24&B2.y=11 [Accessed 18 August 2005].","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.14"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(98)80152-7","article-title":"Fetal varicella syndrome - a reappraisal of the literature. A review prepared for the UK Advisory Group on Chickenpox on behalf of the British Society for the Study of Infection","volume":"36","author":"Birthistle","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.16","first-page":"317","article-title":"Virus detection in the fetal tissue of a premature delivery with a congenital varicella syndrome. - A case report","volume":"18","author":"Scharf","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403313301305","article-title":"Outcome after maternal varicella infection in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy","volume":"330","author":"Pastuszak","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"unstructured":"Tan MP Koren G . Chickenpox in pregnancy: revisited Reprod Toxicol 2005 Jun 22 [Epub ahead of print].","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.18"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90547-3","article-title":"Outcome in newborn babies given anti-varicella-zoster immunoglobulin after perinatal maternal infection with varicella-zoster virus","volume":"2 (8659)","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.106902","article-title":"Placental transfer and decay of varicella-zoster virus antibodies in preterm infants","volume":"137","author":"Linder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.21","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.106902"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.22","first-page":"59","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of, and exposure to, rash illness in pregnancy (including consideration of relevant antibody screening programmes in pregnancy)","volume":"5","author":"Morgan-Capner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"2025082700432832000_43.9.69.23","first-page":"23","article-title":"Management of varicella-zoster contact and infection in pregnancy using a standardized varicella-zoster ELISA test","volume":"61","author":"Enders","year":"1985","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. 2004 Immunoglobulin Handbook. Indications and dosage for normal and specific immunoglobulin preparations issued by the Health Protection Agency [online]. 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