{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:30:48Z","timestamp":1761975048924,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DTB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds, the traditional propellants in aerosol metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), damage the ozone layer in the atmosphere. Following adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer almost 20 years ago, the UK Government produced a transition strategy to enable CFC-containing MDIs to be phased out as quickly as possible.1<jats:sup>, <\/jats:sup>2 Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) are now being used as propellants in most MDIs (i.e. CFC-free inhalers). However, there have been particular difficulties in developing CFC-free beclometasone inhalers, as this drug dissolves in the new propellant. There are now two CFC-free beclometasone inhalers available in the UK \u2013 Qvar (Teva) and \u25bcClenil Modulite (Trinity-Chiesi), both licensed for asthma. CFC-containing beclometasone MDIs will become unavailable as stocks run out (within the next year). Here we discuss the issues around switching to the CFC-free beclometasone inhalers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2008.05.0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]],"date-time":"2008-06-04T17:32:00Z","timestamp":1212600720000},"page":"46-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Switching to CFC-free beclometasone for asthma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.1","unstructured":"UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel. Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer: Progress report [online] Available: http:\/\/ozone.unep.org\/teap\/reports\/TEAP_Reports\/TEAP-progress-report-may2006.PDF [Accessed 23 May 2008] 2006."},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.2","unstructured":"NHS Executive. Health Service Circular: Phase out of CFC containing metered dose inhalers for the treatment of asthma and COPD Wetherby Department of Health: [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/en\/Publicationsandstatistics\/Lettersandcirculars\/Healthservicecirculars\/DH_4004810. [Accessed 23 May 2008] 1998."},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.3","unstructured":"Qvar 100 aerosol Summary of product characteristics, UK. Norton Healthcare Ltd December 2004."},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.4","unstructured":"Qvar 50 aerosol Summary of product characteristics, UK. Norton Healthcare Ltd December 2004."},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.5","unstructured":"Clenil Modulite 50, 100, 200 & 250 micrograms per actuation pressurised inhalations solution Summary of product characteristics, UK. Trinity-Chiesi Pharmaceuticals Limited January 2007."},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1089\/08942680260473489","article-title":"Effects on lung function, symptoms, and bronchial hyperreactivity of low-dose inhaled becolmethasone dipropionate given with HFA-134a or CFC propellant.","volume":"15","author":"Woodcock","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.7","first-page":"3","article-title":"Improved delivery of inhaled steroids to the large and small airways.","volume-title":"Resp Med","volume":"92","author":"Leach","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90211-6"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12061346"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.10","first-page":"23","article-title":"Hydrofluoroalkane-134a beclomethasone dipropionate extrafine aerosol provides equivalent asthma control to chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate at approximately half the total daily dose.","volume-title":"Respir Med","volume":"92","author":"Davies","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90214-1"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.12","first-page":"107","article-title":"Equivalent efficacy and safety of a new HFA-134a formulation of BDP compared with the conventional CFC in adult asthmatics.","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1089\/08831870260093852","article-title":"Assessment of efficacy and systemic safety of a new chlorofluorocarbon-free formulation of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate in asthmatic children.","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatric Asthma, Allergy & Immunology"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.5.1297","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in moderate asthma: 400\u00c2\u00b5g hydrofluoroalkane beclomethasone dipropionate vs 800\u00c2\u00b5g chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate.","volume":"116","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.1824","article-title":"Clinically important improvements in asthma-specific quality of life, but no difference in conventional clinical indexes in patients changed from conventional beclometasone dipropionate to approximately half the dose of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate.","volume":"121","author":"Juniper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.1824"},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.17","unstructured":"Medical and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Beclometasone dipropionate pressurised metered dose inhaler: important information London: Department of Health [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.info.doh.gov.uk\/doh\/embroadcast.nsf\/fd1653b6e6be59d180256b7900507749\/0c995edd7946f556802571c4002b6f0b\/$FILE\/CEM%20CMO%202006%2011.pdf. [Accessed 23 May 2008] 2006."},{"key":"2025082722584180000_46.6.46.18","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. QVAR 40mcg inhalation aerosol; QVAR 80mcg inhalation aerosol [online]. Avaliable: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/cder\/foi\/label\/2006\/020911s015_LBL.pdf. [Accessed 23 May 2008] 2006."}],"container-title":["Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/dtb.2008.05.0013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T05:58:49Z","timestamp":1756360729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dtb.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/dtb.2008.05.0013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/dtb.2008.05.0013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/dtb.2008.05.0013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-6543","1755-5248"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0012-6543"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1755-5248"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}