{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:34:33Z","timestamp":1756463673405,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DTB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For over 40 years, antipsychotic drugs have been used as long-term maintenance treatment to control symptoms and reduce relapse rates in patients with schizophrenia. \u2018First-generation\u2019 oral agents such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine are associated with high levels of unwanted neurological effects and poor rates of patient adherence.1,2 Long-acting (\u2018depot\u2019) injections of antipsychotics were developed to try to improve adherence. \u2018Second-generation\u2019 antipsychotic agents (also known as atypical antipsychotics) were introduced into clinical practice over 16 years ago. Although these agents have a lower propensity to cause extrapyramidal side effects, they are associated with a range of other unwanted effects (e.g. weight gain and its sequelae).1,3,4 Initially, second-generation agents were only available as orally administered medicines. Three long-acting injectable formulations of second-generation antipsychotics are now available in the UK: \u03b8olanzapine embonate injection (ZypAdhera), \u03b8paliperidone injection (Xeplion) and \u03b8risperidone injection (Risperdal Consta). In this article we review the evidence for these agents and discuss the practical implications of their use. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2012.08.0127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,10]],"date-time":"2012-09-10T02:12:58Z","timestamp":1347243178000},"page":"102-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotic agents: an overview"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2011.02.0063"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.07.012","article-title":"Partial compliance in schizophrenia and the impact on patient outcomes","volume":"151","author":"Llorca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61764-X"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2004.42857"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.5","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2009. Schizophrenia (update): costing tool [online]. Available: http:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/CG82\/CostingTemplate\/xls\/English [Accessed 22 August 2012]."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.6","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2009. Schizophrenia: core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care. Clinical guideline 82 [online]. Available: http:\/\/publications.nice.org.uk\/schizophrenia-cg82\/guidance [Accessed 22 August 2012]."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60239-6"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.195.52.s63"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2010.506712"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.11.020"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.195.52.s37"},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.12","unstructured":"Risperdal Consta . Summary of product characteristics, UK. 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Summary of product characteristics, EU. Eli Lilly and Company, June 2012."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.22","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. ZypAdhera EPAR - conditions or restrictions with regard to the safe and effective use of medicinal product to be implemented by the member states [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Conditions_imposed_on_member_states_for_safe_and_effective_use\/human\/000890\/WC500054425.pdf [Accessed 22 August 2012]."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.23","unstructured":"Eli Lilly and Company. ZypAdhera training material website [online]. 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Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publications, 2012."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.29","unstructured":"Scottish Medicines Consortium , 2011. Paliperidone palmitate 50mg, 75mg, 100mg and 150mg prolonged release suspension for injection (Xeplion) SMC No. (713\/11) [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.scottishmedicines.org.uk\/files\/advice\/paliperidone_Xeplion_RESUBMISSION_FINAL_October_2011_for_website.pdf [Accessed 22 August 2012]."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.30","unstructured":"Scottish Medicines Consortium , 2010. Olanzapine 210mg, 300mg, 405mg powder and solvent for prolonged release suspension for injection (ZypAdhera) No. (624\/10) [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.scottishmedicines.org.uk\/files\/olanzapine_ZypAdhera_FINAL_July_2010.pdf [Accessed 22 August 2012]."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.31","unstructured":"All Wales Medicines Strategy Group, 2011. Final appraisal recommendation: paliperidone palmitate (Xeplion). Advice No 1611 [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.wales.nhs.uk\/sites3\/Documents\/371\/Paliperidone%20palmitate%20%28Xeplion%29%20FAR.pdf [Accessed 22 August 2012]."},{"key":"2025082723481836000_50.9.102.32","unstructured":"All Wales Medicines Strategy Group, 2010. Final appraisal report: Olanzapine depot (ZypAdhera). Advice No 1510 [online] Available: http:\/\/www.wales.nhs.uk\/sites3\/Documents\/371\/olanzapine%20depot%20%28ZypAdhera%29%20schizophrenia.pdf [Accessed 22 August 2012]."}],"container-title":["Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/dtb.2012.08.0127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T06:48:29Z","timestamp":1756363709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dtb.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/dtb.2012.08.0127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/dtb.2012.08.0127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/dtb.2012.08.0127","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-6543","1755-5248"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0012-6543"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1755-5248"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}