{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:07:35Z","timestamp":1788930455333,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DTB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnesium plays an important role in the body as a cofactor for DNA and protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, neuromuscular excitability, enzyme activity and regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion.1 The regulation of plasma magnesium concentration is balanced by intestinal absorption and renal excretion. Hypomagnesaemia (variously defined but taken here as plasma magnesium &lt;0.7mmol\/L) may result from inadequate magnesium intake, increased gastrointestinal or renal loss or redistribution from extracellular to intracellular space. In addition, hypomagnesaemia has been associated with the use of a number of drugs and, in 2012, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) drew attention to the risk associated with prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).2 Here we review the causes and management of hypomagnesaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2013.1.0169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T22:07:42Z","timestamp":1363126062000},"page":"33-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hypomagnesaemia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809402800213","article-title":"Magnesium homeostasis and clinical disorders of magnesium deficiency","volume":"28","author":"Whang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.2","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Proton pump inhibitors in long-term use: reports of hypomagnesaemia. Drug Safety Update 2012; 5: A1 [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.mhra.gov.uk\/Safetyinformation\/DrugSafetyUpdate\/CON149774 [Accessed 20 February 2013]."},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00258-2"},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00312.2003"},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.5","first-page":"13","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia: an evidence-based approach to clinical cases","volume":"4","author":"Assadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.6","first-page":"174","article-title":"Clinical inquiries. 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FDA Drug Safety Communication: low magnesium levels can be associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitor drugs (PPIs) [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drugsafety\/ucm245011.htm [Accessed 20 February 2013]."},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.26","unstructured":"Royal Derbyshire Hospital, 2012. Southern Derbyshire Shared Care Pathology Guidelines: hypomagnesaemia in adults [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.derbyhospitals.nhs.uk\/easysiteweb\/getresource.axd?assetid=10678&type=0&servicetype=1 [Accessed 20 February 2013]."},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.27","unstructured":"Leeds Medicines Information Centre. How is acute hypomagnesaemia treated in adults? [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.nelm.nhs.uk\/en\/NeLM-Area\/Evidence\/Medicines-Q\u2013A\/How-is-acute-hypomagnesaemia-treated-in-adults\/ [Accessed 20 February 2013]."},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.28","unstructured":"South West Medicines Information and Training. What oral magnesium preparations are available in the UK and which preparation is preferred for the treatment and prevention of hypomagnesaemia? [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.nelm.nhs.uk\/en\/NeLM-Area\/Evidence\/Medicines-Q\u2013A\/What-oral-magnesium-preparations-are-available-in-the-UK-and-which-preparation-is-preferred-for-the-treatment-and-prevention-of-hypomagnesaemia\/ [Accessed 20 February 2013]."},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.29","unstructured":"Joint Formulary Committee . British National Formulary. Edition 64. London: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing, 2012."},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.6.857"},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.6.897"},{"key":"2025082722531672000_51.3.33.32","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2013. ESUOM4: Preventing recurrent hypomagnesaemia: oral magnesium glycerophosphate [online]. Available: http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/mpc\/evidencesummariesunlicensedofflabelmedicines\/ESUOM4.jsp [Accessed 20 February 2013]."}],"container-title":["Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/dtb.2013.1.0169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T05:53:24Z","timestamp":1756360404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dtb.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/dtb.2013.1.0169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/dtb.2013.1.0169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/dtb.2013.1.0169","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-6543","1755-5248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-6543","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}