{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:39:58Z","timestamp":1762979998674,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DTB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Around 40\u201350% of women experience at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) during their lifetime and 20\u201330% of these have a recurrence within 3\u20134 months of the initial infection.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> Recurrent UTI (usually defined as three episodes in the last 12 months or two episodes in the last 6 months) can have a considerable impact on a woman's quality of life. Each episode of acute UTI in young women is typically associated with about 6 days of symptoms, 2.4 days of restricted activities and 0.4 days of bed rest.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> Antibacterial prophylaxis is effective in preventing recurrent episodes, but at the expense of unwanted effects and a risk of promoting bacterial resistance. Here we assess the efficacy of different antibacterial regimens and non-antibacterial alternatives (cranberry, probiotics, oestrogens, immunostimulation, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin, acupuncture and herbs) in the prevention of recurrent uncomplicated UTIs in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2013.6.0187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T03:43:48Z","timestamp":1371095028000},"page":"69-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mda.2003.7"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.2","unstructured":"Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, 2010. SOGC Clinical Practice Guideline. Recurrent urinary tract infections [online]. Available; http:\/\/sogc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/gui250CPG1011E_001.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2013]."},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.3","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency, 2012. Management of infection guidance for primary care for consultation and local adaptation [online]. Available; http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1279888711402 [Accessed 22 May 2013]."},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.4","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network, Healthcare Improvement Scotland, 2012. SIGN 88 Management of suspected bacterial urinary tract infection in adults\u2014a national clinical guideline [online]. Available; http:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/pdf\/sign88.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2013]."},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis534"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.6","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency, 2011. Diagnosis of UTI. Quick reference guide for primary care [online]. Available; http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1194947404720 [Accessed 22 May 2013]."},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong ES . Management of recurrent urinary tract infections with patient-administered single-dose therapy. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102; 302-7.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-3-302"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.8","unstructured":"Macrodantin capsules 100mg BP. Summary of product characteristics, UK. Amdipharm Mercury Company Limited, September 2012."},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.08.023"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.10","unstructured":"Clinical Knowledge Summaries, 2009. Urinary tract infection in women [online]. Available; phttp:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/urinary-tract-infection-lower-women#scenariorecommendation:9 [Accessed 22 May 2013]."},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert X . Antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in non-pregnant women Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 3; CD001209. DOI:10.1002\/14651858.CD001209.pub2 [Last assessed as up-to-date 14 May 2013].","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001209.pub2"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.306"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.777"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001103900633"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2005.43317"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jepson RG . Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2012; 10; pCD001321. DOI:10.1002\/14651858.CD001321.pub5 [Last assessed as up-to-date 14 May 2013].","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001321.pub5"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3004"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abad CL Safdar N . The role of Lactobacillus probiotics in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections\u2014a systematic review. J Chemother 2009; 21; 243-52.","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2009.21.3.243"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.19","first-page":"6607","article-title":"Lactobacillus for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in women; meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Grin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.20","first-page":"CD005131","article-title":"Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women","volume":"2","author":"Perrotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025082623180505000_51.6.69.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcgg.2010.10.008","article-title":"What is the evidence for the role of oestrogen in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women? 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