{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T09:58:45Z","timestamp":1780048725145,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DTB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Scarlet fever, an infection caused by toxin-producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, was associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality when epidemics were common in the 18<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> and 19<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> centuries throughout Europe and the USA.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> Although this disease nearly disappeared during the 20<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> century, several countries, including the UK, have recently experienced a re-emergence of scarlet fever.<jats:sup>1-3<\/jats:sup> However, the reason for these new outbreaks remains unclear.<jats:sup>1,4<\/jats:sup> Despite a general move to reduce the use of antibiotics for many mild self-limiting infections (e.g. tonsillitis, sinusitis), national guidance recommends treating people with scarlet fever with antibiotics regardless of severity of illness to speed recovery, to reduce the length of time the infection is contagious and to reduce the risk of complications.<jats:sup>5,6<\/jats:sup> Here, we discuss the management of scarlet fever in the UK.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2017.8.0529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]],"date-time":"2017-09-07T09:28:53Z","timestamp":1504776533000},"page":"102.2-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Managing scarlet fever"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"55","member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082703082454000_55.9.102-a.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2016.1195684","article-title":"Re-emergence of scarlet fever: old players return?","volume":"14","author":"Andrey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy"},{"key":"2025082703082454000_55.9.102-a.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20749","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.12.20749","article-title":"Increase in scarlet fever notifications in the United Kingdom, 2013\/2014","volume":"19","author":"Guy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2025082703082454000_55.9.102-a.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3603-z","article-title":"Genome analysis following a national increase in Scarlet Fever in England 2014","volume":"18","author":"Chalker","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2025082703082454000_55.9.102-a.4","unstructured":"Lamagni T et al. 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