{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:00:26Z","timestamp":1790316026347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008391","name":"Markedsmodningsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Augustinusfonden","award":["16-0083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-0083"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020584","name":"Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"EU H2020 ITN","award":["722561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["722561"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023338","name":"Copenhagen Center for Health Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008218","name":"Gangstedfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A29594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A29594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Weimans Fund"},{"name":"Lundbeck Foundation","award":["R215-2015-4121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R215-2015-4121"]}]},{"name":"The Danish Council for Independent Research, Medical Sciences","award":["DFF-4183-00570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFF-4183-00570"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Helsefonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-B-0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-B-0063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evid Based Mental Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>(1) To investigate daily smartphone-based self-reported and automatically generated sleep measurements, respectively, against validated rating scales; (2) to investigate if daily smartphone-based self-reported sleep measurements reflected automatically generated sleep measurements and (3) to investigate the differences in smartphone-based sleep measurements between patients with bipolar disorder (BD), unaffected first-degree relatives (UR) and healthy control individuals (HC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 203 patients with BD, 54 UR and 109 HC in this study. To investigate whether smartphone-based sleep calculated from self-reported bedtime, wake-up time and screen on\/off time reflected validated rating scales, we used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep items on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item (HAMD-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>(1) Self-reported smartphone-based sleep was associated with the PSQI and sleep items of the HAMD and the YMRS. (2) Automatically generated smartphone-based sleep measurements were associated with daily self-reports of hours slept between 12:00 midnight and 06:00. (3) According to smartphone-based sleep, patients with BD slept less between 12:00 midnight and 06:00, with more interruption and daily variability compared with HC. However, differences in automatically generated smartphone-based sleep were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smartphone-based data may represent measurements of sleep patterns that discriminate between patients with BD and HC and potentially between UR and HC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical implication<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Detecting sleep disturbances and daily variability in sleep duration using smartphones may be helpful for both patients and clinicians for monitoring illness activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>clinicaltrials.gov (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT02888262\">NCT02888262<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2020-300148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T17:20:29Z","timestamp":1598289629000},"page":"146-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Daily self-reported and automatically generated smartphone-based sleep measurements in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy control individuals"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"23","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02888262","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharleny","family":"Stanislaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center 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Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Busk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Health Technology (CACHET), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob Eyvind","family":"Bardram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Health Technology (CACHET), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Faurholt-Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Affective Disorder 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