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The majority of fluid research has been performed on patients with critical illness, most commonly sepsis as this accounts for around two-thirds of shocked patients treated in the ED. However, there are few data to guide clinicians on fluid therapy choices in the non-critically unwell, by far our largest patient group. In this paper, we will discuss the best evidence and controversies for fluid therapy in medically ill patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2017-207245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T12:15:24Z","timestamp":1527509724000},"page":"511-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fluid therapy in the emergency department: an expert practice review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department Emergency Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2736-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J","family":"Coats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Academic Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed H","family":"Elwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Academic Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090221193675000_35.8.511.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)94163-2","article-title":"Proposal of a new method of treating the blue epidemic cholera by the injection of highly-oxygenised salts into the venous system: Read before the Westminster Medical Society, Saturday, Dec. 3rd","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"1831","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025090221193675000_35.8.511.2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Documents communicated by the Central Board of Health, London, relative to the treatment of cholera by the copious injection of aqueous and saline fluids into the veins","volume":"2","author":"Latta","year":"1832","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025090221193675000_35.8.511.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040232"},{"key":"2025090221193675000_35.8.511.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010041","article-title":"Multicountry survey of emergency and critical care medicine physicians' fluid resuscitation practices for adult patients with early septic shock","volume":"6","author":"McIntyre","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025090221193675000_35.8.511.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2013-202883"},{"key":"2025090221193675000_35.8.511.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perel P , Roberts I , Ker K . 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