{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:40:13Z","timestamp":1790559613674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Med J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community-based programmes have been implemented to curtail ED use by individuals with chronic public intoxication. Among these programmes is the Serial Inebriate Programme (SIP), which aims to reduce use of ED and emergency medical services. We present the results of an evaluation of the SIP in Santa Cruz, California, including data on the participants\u2019 police and jail history, information not considered in prior analyses of SIPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, we used a retrospective cohort to evaluate the effectiveness of the SIP in Santa Cruz, California from 2013 to 2015. Specifically, we looked at the programme effects on participants\u2019 arrests, nights in jail, use of the local ED and ambulance services after programme adjudication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median number of visits to the ED for participants before and after adjudication was reduced from 4 to 1, and participants showed a significant decrease in their number of jail bookings following adjudication (\u22124.5 bookings; p=0.004). However, the average number of nights in jail served by participants after adjudication was 2.1 times the average number of nights spent in jail spent before programme adjudication (58.5 vs 27.6 nights in jail for postadjudication and preadjudication groups, respectively; p=0.009).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that the Santa Cruz SIP had some impact in reducing participants\u2019 use of emergency services, but at the cost of increased jail time. The burdens of placing chronically intoxicated individuals in jail for extended periods of time are not trivial and should not be overlooked when designing and implementing a SIP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2017-207332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T22:15:43Z","timestamp":1544134543000},"page":"92-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From ED overcrowding to jail overcrowding: a cautionary tale of a Serial Inebriate Programme (SIP)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Anglemyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052708555728000_36.2.92.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.454","article-title":"Trends in alcohol- and drug-related emergency department and primary care visits: data from four U.S. national surveys (1995-2010)","volume":"73","author":"Cherpitel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"2024052708555728000_36.2.92.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2014-204581"},{"key":"2024052708555728000_36.2.92.3","first-page":"204","article-title":"Community based programs for chronic inebriate as an alternative to the emergency department","volume":"92","author":"McClure","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Health R I"},{"key":"2024052708555728000_36.2.92.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2016.0166","article-title":"Identification and Practice Patterns of Sobering Centers in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Warren","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"2024052708555728000_36.2.92.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.11.017"},{"key":"2024052708555728000_36.2.92.6","unstructured":"San Diego Community News Group. 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