{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T18:45:56Z","timestamp":1757616356687,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of patent ductus arteriosus is controversial, and there are diverse approaches to treatment, ranging from very conservative management through to early and aggressive securing of ductus closure, either pharmacologically or surgically. This lack of consensus on best management reflects a paucity of high quality randomised controlled trials, with many published studies focusing on establishing points of treatment, rather than looking for benefits of intervention over more conservative management. Despite this lack of good evidence views on ductus management can be entrenched, with accompanying loss of equipoise. This review looks at our current situation with regard to ductus arteriosus management and the need for good quality trials especially in the light of other published studies, concerning postnatal steroids, caffeine and oxygen which have demonstrated unexpected benefits \u2013 or sometimes unexpected harm \u2013 from long-familiar drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2011-301129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T21:10:50Z","timestamp":1330463450000},"page":"F269-F271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patent ductus arteriosus: time to grasp the nettle?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Claire L","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit, Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M","family":"Kissack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit, Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200502000-00019"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70362-4"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106283442602"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.4.543","article-title":"Low-dose indomethacin and prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage: a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"93","author":"Ment","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.4.714","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome at 36 months' corrected age of preterm infants in the Multicenter Indomethacin Intraventricular Hemorrhage Prevention Trial","volume":"98","author":"Ment","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.3.485"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.7","first-page":"CD000174","article-title":"Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants","volume":"7","author":"Fowlie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.12.009"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93030-S"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-6-15"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.124"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.09.001"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42693"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.01.035"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2781"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.206052"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-1-1"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.3.F177"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1216"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073679"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054065"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1101319"},{"key":"2025090510561305000_98.3.F269.23","unstructured":"Does selective early treatment of foetal shunt (patent ductus arteriosus) in extreme preterm infants reduce the complications and improve their long term outcome? (OSCAR trial). 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