{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:39:16Z","timestamp":1792546756264,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Frontline Gastroenterol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine rates of faecal biomarker results capable of suggesting potentially treatable causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptomatology in a population of patients with symptoms of IBS who meet Rome III criteria for that condition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Descriptive, retrospective study in which faecal biomarker results (dichotomised into \u2018normal\u2019 and \u2018abnormal\u2019 values) were related to data from patient-completed questionnaire data identifying demographics, Rome III criteria for IBS and IBS phenotype (IBS-D, IBS-C, IBS-M and IBS-U).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Commercial reference laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals whose physicians ordered faecal biomarker testing for evaluation of chronic abdominal symptoms consistent with IBS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rates of occurrence of abnormal results on any of seven faecal biomarkers suggesting a treatable cause for IBS symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Abdominal symptoms meeting Rome III criteria for IBS were present in 3553 records (the population), which were subjected to further analysis. Abnormal biomarker results (the outcomes) occurred in 94% of cases; 73% and 65% of records indicated growth of a bacterial potential pathogen and low growth of beneficial organisms, respectively. Abnormal results for all other faecal biomarkers occurred with frequencies from 5% to 13%. Frequency of abnormal results for elastase, calprotectin, eosinophil protein X, and beneficial organisms rose significantly with age, and differed significantly across IBS phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A large proportion of patients manifesting symptoms meeting Rome III IBS diagnostic criteria have faecal biomarker results indicating potential underlying, treatable causes of their symptoms. Faecal biomarker testing is an appropriate means of identifying potentially treatable causes of IBS symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2015-100651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T22:49:20Z","timestamp":1457390960000},"page":"275-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Faecal biomarker patterns in patients with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Anton","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit, University College Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darryl","family":"Landis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Genova Diagnostics, Inc., Asheville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Peucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care-Safe, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Pali S","family":"Hungin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Wolfson Research Institute, Queen's Campus, Durham University, Stockton on Tees, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12957"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.55"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.08.040"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2013.099","article-title":"Frequency of abnormal fecal biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Goepp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Adv Health Med"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.4.580"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00381-5"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564721","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/564721","article-title":"Comparison of the triage micro parasite panel and microscopy for the detection of Entamoeba histolytica\/Entamoeba dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in stool samples collected in Kenya","volume":"2012","author":"Swierczewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.6"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xv","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17550","article-title":"Faecal calprotectin testing for differentiating amongst inflammatory and non-inflammatory bowel diseases: systematic review and economic evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Waugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.10","unstructured":"MBL Medical & Biological Laboratories Co. L. EDN ELISA kit quantitative test kit for human EDN. In: MBL , ed. Package insert. Woburn, MA, USA, 2011:1\u201311."},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S86419","article-title":"The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios of fecal occult blood test for the detection of colorectal cancer in hospital settings","volume":"8","author":"Elsafi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1526-1529.1997","article-title":"Evaluation of nine immunoassay kits (enzyme immunoassay and direct fluorescence) for detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in human fecal specimens","volume":"35","author":"Garcia","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40312.x"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3607-y","article-title":"Fecal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome compared with healthy controls using real-time polymerase chain reaction: an evidence of dysbiosis","volume":"60","author":"Shukla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0954"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.571707"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510023909"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01891.x"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5936"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00154.2011"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.21","first-page":"923","article-title":"S-adenosyl L-methionine in CNS diseases","volume":"45","author":"Krzystanek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13055"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05007.x"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.072"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2013.100","article-title":"Novel testing enhances irritable bowel syndrome medical management: The IMMINENT Study","volume":"3","author":"Parsons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Adv Health Med"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2015-100605"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.09.032"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.07027.x"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04081.x"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13227"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.04.029"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2014.851599"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.05.006"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.04.020"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.140806"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04037.x"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0813-5"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.38","unstructured":"Barbaro MR , Cremon C , Caio G , et al . The role of zonulin in non-celiac gluten sensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome. UEG week. Barcelona: United European Gastroenterology, 2015."},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl14344","article-title":"Gut microbiota as potential orchestrators of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Bennet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv039"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00734.x"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.050"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i10.3072"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3435-5","article-title":"Autoimmunity links vinculin to the pathophysiology of chronic functional bowel changes following Campylobacter jejuni infection in a rat model","volume":"60","author":"Pimentel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126438"},{"key":"2025090708432987000_7.4.275.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1004409"}],"container-title":["Frontline Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/flgastro-2015-100651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T15:43:39Z","timestamp":1757259819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fg.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/flgastro-2015-100651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/flgastro-2015-100651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/flgastro-2015-100651","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-4137","2041-4145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]}}}