{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:49:15Z","timestamp":1774532955010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Frontline Gastroenterol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cervical inlet patch is an island of heterotopic gastric mucosa, most commonly found in the proximal oesophagus. Its importance as a cause of throat symptoms has been recognised, particularly chronic globus sensation. This has led to a change in the Rome IV criteria for globus management, with emphasis on ruling out the condition. Proton pump inhibitors are often ineffective in resolving symptoms. Endoscopic studies on the use of ablative techniques, most recently radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have shown promise in reversing the CIP to mormal squamous mucosa, with subsequent symtpomatic resolution.The aim of this review is to update on the investigation and management of the CIP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T20:55:19Z","timestamp":1510260919000},"page":"214-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cervical inlet patch: new insights into diagnosis and endoscopic therapy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Radu","family":"Rusu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guy\u2019s & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sauid","family":"Ishaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Russells Hall Hospital, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guy\u2019s & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Guy\u2019s & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.1","unstructured":"Schumidt FFA . De mammlium oesophage atque ventriculo, Inaugural dissertation. Bathenea\u00a0: Halle, 1805."},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.012","article-title":"Functional Esophageal Disorders","volume":"150","author":"Aziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.06.037","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of symptomatic cervical inlet patch using a through-the-scope device: a pilot study","volume":"84","author":"Dunn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.4","first-page":"285","article-title":"Aberrant mucosa in esophagus in infants and in children","volume":"31","author":"Rector","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181f2a913","article-title":"Inlet patch: clinical presentation and outcome in children","volume":"52","author":"Georges","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01947812","article-title":"\u00dcber Magenschleimhaut-Inseln vom Bau der Cardialdr\u00fcsenzone und Fundusdr\u00fcsenregion und den unteren, oesophagealen Cardialdr\u00fcsen gleichende Dr\u00fcsen im obersten Oesophagusabschnitt","volume":"175","author":"Schridde","year":"1904","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012070-00005","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus (inlet patch)","volume":"12","author":"Maconi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1004294","article-title":"Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus: a prospective study of 33 cases and review of literature","volume":"29","author":"Jacobs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S-662","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(14)62414-8","article-title":"Mo1823 Prevalence of Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in the Cervical Esophagus and Its Pathological Characteristics","volume":"146","author":"Sakitani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.4.7726045","article-title":"Ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus: prevalence and radiologic findings","volume":"164","author":"Takeji","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90336-1","article-title":"The inlet patch: heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus","volume":"89","author":"Jabbari","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.9.968"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000154741.25443.fe"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2005.01103.x","article-title":"How we do it: The role of trans-nasal flexible laryngo-oesophagoscopy (TNFLO) in ENT: one year\u2019s experience in a head and neck orientated practice in the UK","volume":"30","author":"Price","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.15","first-page":"46","article-title":"One-stop evaluation of globus pharyngeus symptoms with transnasal esophagoscopy and swallowing function test","volume":"41","author":"Tong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04082.x"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i3.331","article-title":"Clinical significance of heterotopic gastric mucosal patch of the proximal esophagus","volume":"19","author":"Chong","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537228"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.05.008","article-title":"Erupted cysts in the cervical esophagus result in gastric inlet patches","volume":"72","author":"Meining","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.20","first-page":"42","article-title":"Is there an association between Helicobacter pylori in the inlet patch and globus sensation?","volume":"16","author":"Alagozlu","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.5858\/2004-128-444-IPPHTA","article-title":"Inlet patch: prevalence, histologic type, and association with esophagitis, Barrett esophagus, and antritis","volume":"128","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01281.x","article-title":"Detailed esophageal function and morphological analysis shows high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett\u2019s esophagus in patients with cervical inlet patch","volume":"25","author":"Roszt\u00f3czy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2009.10.009","article-title":"Esophageal motility and 24-h pH profiles of patients with heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus","volume":"21","author":"Korkut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520600763094","article-title":"Heterotopic gastric mucosa: a significant clinical entity","volume":"41","author":"Baudet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0002","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201110002-00481","article-title":"Symptomatic heterotopic gastric mucosa (gastric inlet patch)","volume":"106","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J of Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520801986619"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03474.x"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0002","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201010001-00009","article-title":"The inlet patch revisited: A clinicopathologic study of 569 patients with heterotopic gastric mucosa in the proximal esophagus","volume":"105","author":"Lujan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2010.01091.x","article-title":"Frequency, histopathological findings, and clinical significance of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa (gastric inlet patch): a prospective study in 300 patients","volume":"24","author":"Weickert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.11.008","article-title":"Gastric heterotopia in the proximal oesophagus (\"inlet patch\"): Association with adenocarcinomas arising in Barrett mucosa","volume":"44","author":"Neumann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1259-2"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01215.x"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.03.002","article-title":"Inlet patch: heterotopic gastric mucosa--another contributor to supraesophageal symptoms?","volume":"147","author":"Macha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198610000-00003","article-title":"Ectopic gastric mucosa in proximal esophagus. Its clinical significance and hormonal profile","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.35","first-page":"1162","article-title":"Gastric heterotopia of the proximal esophagus: a report of four cases detected by endoscopy and review of literature","volume":"81","author":"Truong","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.05.001","article-title":"Narrow band imaging facilitates detection of inlet patches in the cervical oesophagus","volume":"46","author":"Al-Mammari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.242","article-title":"Endoscopic diagnosis of cervical esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosa with conventional and narrow-band images","volume":"20","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behrens C , Yen PW . Esophageal Inlet Patch (case report). Radiology Research and Practice 2011:2090\u2013195.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/460890"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311666"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.114782","article-title":"Is there a link between cervical inlet patch and Barrett\u2019s esophagus?","volume":"53","author":"Avidan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(88)80285-5","article-title":"Mucin histochemistry of heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus in adults: possible pathogenic implications","volume":"19","author":"Bogomoletz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000155155.46434.da"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1159\/000051393","article-title":"Gastric metaplasia of the proximal esophagus associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett\u2019s esophagus: what is the connection? Inlet patch revisited","volume":"18","author":"Malhi-Chowla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4551"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2016.1125780","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus and upper thoracic esophagus: two case reports and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Kadota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12221"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07488.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and hetertopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus (the inlet patch)","volume":"98","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.08.012","article-title":"Gastric inlet patches in the cervical esophagus: what they are, what they cause, and how they can be treated","volume":"84","author":"Meining","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.053"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000355274","article-title":"Argon plasma coagulation of gastric inlet patches for the treatment of globus sensation: it is an effective therapy in the long term","volume":"88","author":"Klare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2025090708405024000_9.3.214.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.12.004","article-title":"High-grade dysplasia in thoracic inlet patch treated by focal endoscopic mucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation","volume":"81","author":"Cartabuke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"}],"container-title":["Frontline Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100855","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T15:41:02Z","timestamp":1757259662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fg.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100855","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-4137","2041-4145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]}}}