{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:23:37Z","timestamp":1790900617181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fam Med Com Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate associations between concussion and the risk of follow-up diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood and anxiety disorders (MADs), dementia and Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective population-based cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Administrative health data for the Province of Manitoba between 1990\u20131991 and 2014\u20132015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 47 483 individuals were diagnosed with a concussion using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-9-CM: 850; ICD-10-CA: S06.0). All concussed subjects were matched with healthy controls at a 3:1 ratio based on age, sex and geographical location. Associations between concussion and conditions of interest diagnosed later in life were assessed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model, with adjustments for socioeconomic status and pre-existing medical conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>28 021 men (mean age \u00b1SD, 25\u00b118 years) and 19 462 women (30\u00b121 years) were included in the concussion group, while 81 871 men (25\u00b118 years) and 57 159 women (30\u00b121 years) were included in the matched control group. Concussion was associated with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.46, p&lt;0.001) for ADHD, 1.72 (95% CI 1.69 to 1.76; p&lt;0.001) for MADs, 1.72 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.84; p&lt;0.001) for dementia and 1.57 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75; p&lt;0.001) for Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concussion was associated with an increased risk of diagnosis for all four conditions of interest later in life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2020-000390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T03:55:22Z","timestamp":1595908522000},"page":"e000390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Associations between concussion and risk of diagnosis of psychological and neurological disorders: a retrospective population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5342-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc P","family":"Morissette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff R S","family":"Leiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020072720551413000_8.3.e000390.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.067","article-title":"Annual and seasonal trends in ambulatory visits for pediatric concussion in Ontario between 2003 and 2013","volume":"181","author":"Zemek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2020072720551413000_8.3.e000390.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12487","article-title":"Heart rate variability and implication for sport concussion","volume":"38","author":"Bishop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"2020072720551413000_8.3.e000390.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000145"},{"key":"2020072720551413000_8.3.e000390.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4072"},{"key":"2020072720551413000_8.3.e000390.5","unstructured":"Giza C , Greco T , Prins ML . 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