{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T21:04:08Z","timestamp":1793999048116,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Public Data Analysis for Health Research and Innovation (PADRIS) 2022 programme of the Catalan Agency for Health Quality and Assessment","award":["P-762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P-762"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fam Med Com Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical guidelines recommend frailty screening for the aged population, given that frailty is frequently reversible. However, little is known about frailty and prefrailty reversal rates in the general population if no specific interventions have been implemented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess real-world frailty and prefrailty reversal rates in the general population aged \u226565 years, the main contributing clinical conditions and the main risk factors for reversing frailty and prefrailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational longitudinal 12-month study (2019) of all 1\u00b75\u2009million persons aged \u226565 years in Catalonia. Data were retrospectively collected from various health databases through the Catalan Public Data Analysis for Health Research and Innovation (PADRIS) V.2022 programme. Frailty status according to the electronic Screening Index for Frailty (e-SIF) was determined for 31 December 2018 and for 31 December 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 1\u2009465\u2009312 Catalan inhabitants (mean age 75.8 years, 57.0%\u2009women). The annual frailty and pre-frailty reversal rates were 7.1% and 4.6%, respectively. Both rates were higher in men and decreased with age. The e-SIF components with the greatest impact on frailty reversal were non-planned hospitalisations, polypharmacy, orthostatic hypotension or syncope, anaemia and visual impairment. Female sex, age, dependency, \u22652 comorbidities and polypharmacy had an independent protective effect on 12-month frailty and pre-frailty reversals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prefrailty and frailty are reversible, but reversal is unlikely in cases of multimorbidity, polypharmacy and functional dependency in older and severely frail individuals. Interventions that mainly target the avoidance of non-planned hospitalisations, polypharmacy and falls would have the greatest impact on reversing frailty and pre-frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2024-003250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T20:00:26Z","timestamp":1745870426000},"page":"e003250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Frailty reversal and its main determinants: a population-based observational and longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateu","family":"Serra-Prat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2949-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Fortuny Borsot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0152-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emili","family":"Burdoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c0ngel","family":"Lavado Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5651-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateu","family":"Cabr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa219"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12322"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.010"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-016-0772-7","article-title":"The cost of frailty in France","volume":"18","author":"Sirven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-023-00769-8","article-title":"Relationship of frailty status with health resource use and healthcare costs in the population aged 65 and over in Catalonia","volume":"20","author":"Lavado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.12.016"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu138"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1273-z","article-title":"Physical Frailty: ICFSR International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Identification and Management","volume":"23","author":"Dent","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2025042817000892000_13.2.e003250.11","unstructured":"Integrated care for older people (ICOPE): guidance for person-centred assessment and pathways in primary care. 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