{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1768633153996,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of neonates with mild hydronephrosis diagnosed antenatally is still debated. Although some of these infants are normal, it is recognised that others will have mild obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction or vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). A prospective study was performed in all newborn infants with an antenatal diagnosis of mild hydronephrosis (47 babies, 62 kidneys) born over a two year period in order to assess the frequency of VUR. Voiding cystography in 14 patients with 21 renal units showed VUR. Two patients underwent surgery and the VUR resolved; the other 12 received medical treatment. Repeat cystography was scheduled for 12-18 months later, when a high rate of spontaneous cure was observed. The remaining patients were monitored by ultrasonography but only in one case did hydronephrosis deteriorate because of the presence of severe ureteropelvic junction obstruction. It is concluded that mild dilatation of the pelvis might be an expression of a potentially severe malformation such as VUR, and a careful follow up of these cases is mandatory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.70.2.f147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T17:55:51Z","timestamp":1225475751000},"page":"F147-F150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Mild fetal hydronephrosis indicating vesicoureteric reflux."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Marra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Moioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B M","family":"Assael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Grumieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Caccamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44860-9","article-title":"Transitional neonatal hydronephrosis: fact or fantasy?","volume":"136","author":"Homsy, Y.L.; Williot, P.; Danais, S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Homsy YL, Williot P, Danais S. Transitional neonatal hydronephrosis: fact or fantasy? J Urol 1986; 136: 339-41.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Management of prenatally Recently the observation that VUR had a familial distribution has led to family studies diagnosed uropathies","volume":"64","author":"Thomas, D.F.M.; Gordon, A.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thomas DFM, Gordon AL. Management of prenatally Recently the observation that VUR had a familial distribution has led to family studies diagnosed uropathies. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64: 58-63.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81784-6","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of fetal urinary tract abnormalities","volume":"121","author":"Fine, R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fine R. Diagnosis and treatment of fetal urinary tract abnormalities. J Pediatr 1992; 121: 333-41.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"719","article-title":"Dilemmas associated with antenatally detected urinary tract abnormalities","volume":"63","author":"Watson, A.R.; Readett, D.; Nelson, C.S.; Kapila, L.; Mayell, M.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watson AR, Readett D, Nelson CS, Kapila L, Mayell MJ. Dilemmas associated with antenatally detected urinary tract abnormalities. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63: 719-22. newborn infants. As Marra et al have suggested the mode of presentation or case selection may","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child; newborn infants. As Marra et al have suggested the mode of presentation or case selection may"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"27","article-title":"Detection of abnormality of fetal urinary tract as a predictor of renal tract disease","volume":"294","author":"Smith, D.; Eggington, J.A.; Brookfield, D.S.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Smith D, Eggington JA, Brookfield DSK. Detection of abnormality of fetal urinary tract as a predictor of renal tract disease. BMJ 1987; 294: 27-8. have a profound effect on the perceived incidence of VUR. When infants are investi-","journal-title":"BMJ; have a profound effect on the perceived incidence of VUR. When infants are investi"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"57","article-title":"Vesicoureteric reflux in healthy infants and children","volume-title":"gated soon after birth the prevalence ofVUR in the first degree relatives approaches 50%.2 3","author":"Bailey, R.R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bailey RR. Vesicoureteric reflux in healthy infants and children. In: Hodson J, Kincaid Smith P, eds. Reflux nephropathy. New York: Masson, 1979: 57-61. gated soon after birth the prevalence ofVUR in the first degree relatives approaches 50%.2 3"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"95","article-title":"Follow up evaluation of prenatally recognized vesicoureteric reflux","volume":"115","author":"Steele, B.T.; Robitaille, P.; De Maria, J.; Grignon, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Steele BT, Robitaille P, De Maria J, Grignon A. Follow up evaluation of prenatally recognized vesicoureteric reflux. J Pediatr 1989; 115: 95-6. The natural history ofVUR is for improvement with increasing age, however,4 and it is not","journal-title":"J Pediatr; The natural history ofVUR is for improvement with increasing age"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Vesicoureteric reflux in infants with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis","author":"Yeung, C.K.; Dhillon, H.K.; Duffy, P.G.; Ransley, P.G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yeung CK, Dhillon HK, Duffy PG, Ransley PG. Vesicoureteric reflux in infants with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis. J Urol 1991; 4: 64. surprising that in those studies which included older children or adults a lower incidence of","journal-title":"J Urol; 4: 64. surprising that in those studies which included older children or adults a lower incidence of"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.1.30","article-title":"A new perspective on the natural history of vesicoureteral reflux","volume":"90","author":"Steele, B.T.; De Maria, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Steele BT, De Maria J. A new perspective on the natural history of vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatrics 1992; 90: 30.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"640","article-title":"Vesicoureteral reflux in children. Frequency and VUR was found.5 In 1971 Cussen, studying necropsies, showed associated urologic abnormalities","volume":"8","author":"Cussen, U.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cussen U. Vesicoureteral reflux in children. Frequency and VUR was found.5 In 1971 Cussen, studying necropsies, showed associated urologic abnormalities. Investigative Urology 1971; 8: 640-4.","journal-title":"Investigative Urology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)63403-7","article-title":"Relation of age, sex and that there were more cases in boys.6 However in his series the cause of death is not clearly stated. infection to reflux: data indicating high spontaneous cure rate in pediatric patients","volume":"95","author":"Baker, R.; Maxted, D.W.; Mayalath, J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Baker R, Maxted DW, Mayalath J. Relation of age, sex and that there were more cases in boys.6 However in his series the cause of death is not clearly stated. infection to reflux: data indicating high spontaneous cure rate in pediatric patients. J Urol 1966; 95: 27.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"728","article-title":"The Infant boys are particularly prone to urinary tract infections and there is an increased risk of natural history of reflux and longterm effects of reflux on the kidney","volume":"115","author":"Lenaghan, D.; Whitaker, J.G.; Jensen, F.; Stephens, E.D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lenaghan D, Whitaker JG, Jensen F, Stephens ED. The Infant boys are particularly prone to urinary tract infections and there is an increased risk of natural history of reflux and longterm effects of reflux on the kidney. J Urol 1976; 115: 728-30.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.4.506","article-title":"Vesicoureteric reflux and renal scars serious illness at this age. In addition, renal failure due to reflux nephropathy is more in asymptomatic siblings of children with reflux","volume":"67","author":"Kenda, R.B.; Fettich, J.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kenda RB, Fettich JJ. Vesicoureteric reflux and renal scars serious illness at this age. In addition, renal failure due to reflux nephropathy is more in asymptomatic siblings of children with reflux. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 506-8.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1957","article-title":"common in boys than girls in early childhood. It is therefore possible that the increased incidence Edwards D. Development of new renal scars; a collaborative study","volume":"290","author":"Smellie, J.M.; Ransley, P.G.; Normand, I.C.S.; Prescod, N.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Smellie JM, Ransley PG, Normand ICS, Prescod N, common in boys than girls in early childhood. It is therefore possible that the increased incidence Edwards D. Development of new renal scars; a collaborative study. BMJt 1985; 290: 1957-60.","journal-title":"BMJt"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.70.2.F147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T20:23:52Z","timestamp":1757103832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.70.2.F147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/fn.70.2.F147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.70.2.f147","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}}}