{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:01:32Z","timestamp":1789729292615,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The left ventricular Frank-Starling response was studied in 15 preterm infants, less than 1500 g birth weight, and in 16 fullterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume, and cardiac output were calculated from biplane echocardiographic images with a modified Simpson's rule, and the left ventricular function curve was obtained by standardising with birth weight and body length. In the relationship between LVEDV and stroke volume, the slope of the regression line was significantly milder in preterm than in fullterm infants; however, there was no significant difference in the relationship between LVEDV and cardiac output. The heart rate was significantly higher in preterm than in fullterm infants. Our data indicated that the premature infants had less left ventricular reserve capacity to respond to the increased preload through the left-to-right ductal shunting than the mature ones, and that the high pulse rate made it possible to generate adequate cardiac output in premature infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.71.2.f118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T17:55:51Z","timestamp":1225475751000},"page":"F118-F121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Left ventricular preload reserve in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masamichi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goro","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.6.864","article-title":"Echocardiographic characteristics of premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"72","author":"Johnson, G.L.; Breart, G.L.; Gewitz, M.H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Johnson GL, Breart GL, Gewitz MH, et al. Echocardiographic characteristics of premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Pediatrics 1983; 72: 864-71.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197209072871001","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants - incidence, relation to pulmonary disease and management","volume":"287","author":"Kitterman, J.A.; Edmunds, L.H.; Gregory, G.A.; Heymann, M.A.; Tooley, W.H.; Rudolph, A.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kitterman JA, Edmunds LH, Gregory GA, Heymann MA, Tooley WH, Rudolph AM. Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants - incidence, relation to pulmonary disease and management. N Engl J Med 1972; 287: 473-7.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.73.5.1042","article-title":"Left ventricular performance and contractility before and after volume infusion: a comparative study of preterm and full-term newborn lambs","volume":"73","author":"Baylen, B.G.; Ogata, H.; Ikegami, M.; Jacobs, H.; Jobe, A.; Emmanoulides, G.C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baylen BG, Ogata H, Ikegami M, Jacobs H, Jobe A, Emmanoulides GC. Left ventricular performance and contractility before and after volume infusion: a comparative study of preterm and full-term newborn lambs. Circulation 1986; 73: 1042-9.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198510000-00022","article-title":"The contractility and performance of the preterm left ventricle before and after early patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in surfactant treated lambs","volume":"19","author":"Baylen, B.G.; Ogata, H.; Oguchi, K.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Baylen BG, Ogata H, Oguchi K, et al. The contractility and performance of the preterm left ventricle before and after early patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in surfactant treated lambs. Pediatr Res 1985; 19: 1053-8.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(72)90006-0","article-title":"The intrinsic physiologic properties of the developing heart","volume":"15","author":"Friedman, W.F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedman WF. The intrinsic physiologic properties of the developing heart. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1972; 15: 87-111.","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198711000-00012","article-title":"How a patent ductus arteriosus affects the premature lamb's ability to handle additional volume loads","volume":"22","author":"Clyman, R.I.; Roman, C.; Heymann, M.A.; Mauray, F.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Clyman RI, Roman C, Heymann MA, Mauray F. How a patent ductus arteriosus affects the premature lamb's ability to handle additional volume loads. Pediatr Res 1987; 22: 531-5.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(58)80059-1","article-title":"Acid-base homeostasis of the newborn infant during the first 24 hours of life","volume":"52","author":"Weisbrot, I.M.; James, L.S.; Prince, C.E.; Holaday, D.A.; Apgar, V.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Weisbrot IM, James LS, Prince CE, Holaday DA, Apgar V. Acid-base homeostasis of the newborn infant during the first 24 hours of life.JPediatr 1958; 52: 395-403.","journal-title":"JPediatr"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(89)80014-8","article-title":"Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two dimensional echocardiography: American Society of Echocardiography committee on standards subcommittee","volume":"2","author":"Schiller, N.B.; Shah, P.M.; Crawford, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two dimensional echocardiography: American Society of Echocardiography committee on standards subcommittee. _J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1989; 2: 358-67.","journal-title":"_J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.10.1030","article-title":"Ductus arteriosus blood flow during first 48 hours of life","volume":"62","author":"Drayton, M.R.; Skidmore, R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Drayton MR, Skidmore R. Ductus arteriosus blood flow during first 48 hours of life. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 1030-4.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82060-8","article-title":"Changes in left ventricular output from fetal to early neonatal life","volume":"119","author":"Agata, Y.; Hiraishi, S.; Oguchi, K.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Agata Y, Hiraishi S, Oguchi K, et al. Changes in left ventricular output from fetal to early neonatal life. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 441-5.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"2","article-title":"Fallacy of per-weight and per-surface area standards, and their relation to spurious correlation","volume":"1949","author":"Tanner, J.M.","unstructured":"Tanner JM. Fallacy of per-weight and per-surface area standards, and their relation to spurious correlation. JApplPhysiol 1949: 2: 1-15.","journal-title":"JApplPhysiol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.6.1201","article-title":"Analysis of ventricular shape by echocardiography in normal fetuses, newborns, and infants","volume":"68","author":"Azancot, A.; Caudell, T.P.; Allen, H.D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Azancot A, Caudell TP, Allen HD, et al. Analysis of ventricular shape by echocardiography in normal fetuses, newborns, and infants. Circulation 1983; 68: 1201-1 1.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80613-4","article-title":"Left ventricular mechanics in the preterm infant and their effect on the measurement of cardiac performance","volume":"120","author":"Lee, L.A.; Kimball, T.R.; Daniels, SR, Khoury; P, Meyer; R.A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lee LA, Kimball TR, Daniels SR, Khoury P, Meyer RA. Left ventricular mechanics in the preterm infant and their effect on the measurement of cardiac performance. JPediatr 1992; 120: 114-9.","journal-title":"JPediatr"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.5.1285","article-title":"A comparison of pressure-volume relations of the fetal, newborn, and adult heart","volume":"222","author":"Romero, T.; Covell, J.; Friedman, W.F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Romero T, Covell J, Friedman WF. A comparison of pressure-volume relations of the fetal, newborn, and adult heart. Am _J Physiol 1972; 222: 1285-90.","journal-title":"Am _J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.495","article-title":"Frank-Starling relationships as an important determinant of fetal cardiac output","volume":"231","author":"Kirkpatrick, S.E.; Pitlick, P.T.; Naliboff, J.; Friedman, W.F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick SE, Pitlick PT, Naliboff J, Friedman WF. Frank-Starling relationships as an important determinant of fetal cardiac output. Am J Physiol 1976; 231: 495-500.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90816-E","article-title":"Effects of external constraint on the fetal left ventricular function curve","volume":"123","author":"Grant, D.A.; Maloney, J.E.; Tyberg, J.V.; Walker, A.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grant DA, Maloney JE, Tyberg JV, Walker AM. Effects of external constraint on the fetal left ventricular function curve. Am Heart_ 1992; 123: 1601-9.","journal-title":"Am Heart_"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.71.2.F118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T21:42:18Z","timestamp":1757108538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.71.2.F118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/fn.71.2.F118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.71.2.f118","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}}}