{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:15:33Z","timestamp":1761488133807,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathology was reviewed of the early deaths identified from the first 50 neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during its introduction to the UK. Fifteen neonates died during or shortly after ECMO between August 1989 and June 1992. Data on 12 are presented (three did not have a postmortem examination). The clinical diagnoses at referral for ECMO were as follows: persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (six infants), primary congenital pneumonia (one infant), community acquired pneumonia (two infants), birth asphyxia (one infant), respiratory distress syndrome (one infant), and meconium aspiration syndrome (one infant). In our group, at necropsy, five had significant haemorrhage (three intracranial, one pulmonary, one pericardial and intraventricular). Three of five infants with evidence of haemorrhage also had signs of sepsis. Six infants had evidence at necropsy of systemic sepsis, five showed evidence of severe anoxic brain injury, and four infants had cerebellar haemorrhages. Three infants had evidence of myocardial ischaemia. It is difficult to discriminate between the relative influence of the primary diagnosis, the mode of treatment, and the severity of presentation in the genesis of this pathology. It is likely that the extent and severity of some of the findings represent a pathological progression that would have been interrupted by the death of the patient, had ECMO not been instituted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.71.2.f88","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T17:55:51Z","timestamp":1225475751000},"page":"F88-F92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pathological complications of non-survivors of newborn extracorporeal membrane oxygenation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Margaret J","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pat A","family":"McKeever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G A","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R K","family":"Firmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Extracorporeal life support","author":"Arensman, R.M.; Cornish, J.D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arensman RM, Cornish JD. Extracorporeal life support. Boston: Blackwell Scientific, 1993."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197203232861204","article-title":"Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome). Use ofthe Bramson membrane lung","volume":"286","author":"Hill, J.D.; O'Brien, T.G.; Murray, J.J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hill JD, O'Brien TG, Murray JJ, et al. Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome). Use ofthe Bramson membrane lung. 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Evidence that myocardial 'stunning' is a manifestation of reperfusion injury","volume":"65","author":"Bolli, R.; Jeroudi, M.O.; Patel, B.S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bolli R, Jeroudi MO, Patel BS, et al. Marked reduction of free radical generation and contractile dysfunction by antioxidant therapy begun at the time of reperfusion. Evidence that myocardial 'stunning' is a manifestation of reperfusion injury. Cir Res 1989; 65: 607-22.","journal-title":"Cir Res"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199201000-00015","article-title":"The effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on coronary perfusion and regional blood flow distribution","volume":"31","author":"Kinsella, J.P.; Gerstmann, D.R.; Rosenberg, A.A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kinsella JP, Gerstmann DR, Rosenberg AA. The effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on coronary perfusion and regional blood flow distribution. 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A clinico-pathological study of nonsurvivors of newborn ECMO. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28: 135-7.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199011000-00007","article-title":"Complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates","volume":"83","author":"Watson, J.W.; Brown, D.M.; Lally, K.P.; Null, D.; Clark, R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Watson JW, Brown DM, Lally KP, Null D, Clark R. Complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates. South MedJ 1990; 83: 1262-5.","journal-title":"South MedJ"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"54","article-title":"ECMO in premature infants. Review of factors associated with mortality","volume":"37","author":"Bui, K.C.; LaClair, P.; Vanderkerhove, J.; Bartlett, R.H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bui KC, LaClair P, Vanderkerhove J, Bartlett RH. ECMO in premature infants. Review of factors associated with mortality. 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J7 Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 64: 551-62."}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.71.2.F88","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T18:37:54Z","timestamp":1757097474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.71.2.F88"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/fn.71.2.F88"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.71.2.f88","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1359-2998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-2052"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}}}