{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:50:47Z","timestamp":1770969047891,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to determine if fetal bacteraemia and amniotic fluid infection at the time of membrane rupture reduces the interval between membrane rupture and the onset of labour in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabour amniorrhexis. Sixty nine pregnancies with preterm prelabour amniorrhexis at 12-36 weeks' gestation that were managed expectantly had spontaneous onset of labour. In all cases cordocentesis and amniocentesis were performed and fetal blood and amniotic fluid were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. In the group with negative fetal blood and amniotic fluid cultures (group 1) the median interval from amniorrhexis to delivery was 41 days (range 1-161) and there was an inverse correlation between gestational age at amniorrhexis and delivery interval. In the group with negative fetal blood but positive amniotic fluid cultures (group 2) the median amniorrhexis to delivery interval was nine days (range 1-37), and in the group with positive fetal blood cultures (group 3) the interval was two days (range 1-5). These findings suggest that pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabour amniorrhexis and fetal bacteraemia undergo spontaneous labour within five days of membrane rupture, and if labour does not occur then infection is unlikely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.72.1.f43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T17:55:51Z","timestamp":1225475751000},"page":"F43-F46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Preterm prelabour amniorrhexis: intrauterine infection and interval between membrane rupture and delivery."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"S. G.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Ville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Gamsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Philpott-Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Nicolaides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Preterm birth: A puzzle worth solving","volume":"76","author":"Morrison, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morrison J. Preterm birth: A puzzle worth solving. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 76: 5-12.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.7_Spec_No.812","article-title":"Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes","volume":"66","author":"James, D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"James D. Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Arch Dis Child 1991; 66: 812-5.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"60","article-title":"Premature rupture of the membranes","volume":"71","author":"Gibbs, R.S.; Blanco, J.D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gibbs RS, Blanco JD. Premature rupture of the membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 71: 60-79.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"17","article-title":"Management of premature rupture of the membranes","volume":"52","author":"Fayez, J.A.; Hasan, A.A.; Jonas, H.S.; Miller, G.L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Fayez JA, Hasan AA, Jonas HS, Miller GL. Management of premature rupture of the membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1978; 52: 17-31.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90482-X","article-title":"Premature rupture of membranes at <25 weeks: A management dilemma","volume":"168","author":"Morales, W.J.; Talley, T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morales WJ, Talley T. Premature rupture of membranes at <25 weeks: A management dilemma. Am Jf Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 503-7.","journal-title":"Am Jf Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90647-1","article-title":"Premature rupture of the membranes: A conservative approach","volume":"134","author":"Kappy, K.A.; Cetrulo, C.L.; Knuppel, R.A.; Ingardia, C.J.; Sbarra, A.J.; Scerbo, J.C.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kappy KA, Cetrulo CL, Knuppel RA, Ingardia CJ, Sbarra AJ, Scerbo JC, et al. Premature rupture of the membranes: A conservative approach. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 134: 655-61.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"161","key":"ref_7","first-page":"817","article-title":"Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection in women with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"1989","author":"Romero, R.; Sirtori, M.; Oyarzun, E.; Avila, C.; Mazor, M.; Callahan, R.","unstructured":"Romero R, Sirtori M, Oyarzun E, Avila C, Mazor M, Callahan R, et al. Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am Jf Obstet Gynecol 1989-161: 817-24.","journal-title":"Am Jf Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"57","article-title":"Amniotic fluid analysis. Its role in maternal and neonatal infection","volume":"51","author":"Bobitt, JR, Ledger; W.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bobitt JR, Ledger WJ. Amniotic fluid analysis. Its role in maternal and neonatal infection. Obstet Gynecol 1978; 51: 57-67.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Congenital bacterial sepsis in very preterm infants","volume":"36","author":"Thompson, P.J.; Greenough, A.; Gamsu, H.; Nicolaides, K.H.; Philpott-Howard, J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thompson PJ, Greenough A, Gamsu H, Nicolaides KH, Philpott-Howard J. Congenital bacterial sepsis in very preterm infants. J Med Microbiol 1991; 36: 1-4.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"721","article-title":"Use of Ampicillin and corticosteroids in premature rupture of membranes: A randomized study","volume":"73","author":"Morales, W.J.; Angel, J.L.; O'Brien, W.F.; Knuppel, R.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morales WJ, Angel JL, O'Brien WF, Knuppel RA. Use of Ampicillin and corticosteroids in premature rupture of membranes: A randomized study. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 73: 721-6.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91336-9","article-title":"Erythromycin therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: A prospective, randomized trial of 220 patients","volume":"166","author":"Mercer, B.M.; Moretti, M.L.; Prevost, R.R.; Sibai, B.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mercer BM, Moretti ML, Prevost RR, Sibai BM. Erythromycin therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: A prospective, randomized trial of 220 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 794-802.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70220-9","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of penicillin in preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"170","author":"Ernest, J.M.; Givner, L.B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ernest JM, Givner LB. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of penicillin in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 516-21.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91628-N","article-title":"A review of premature birth and subclinical infection","volume":"166","author":"Gibbs, R.S.; Romero, R.; Hillier, S.L.; Eschenbach, D.A.; Sweet, R.L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gibbs RS, Romero R, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA, Sweet RL. A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1515-28.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"921","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome after premature rupture of the membranes at or before 26 weeks gestation","volume":"73","author":"Bengston, J.M.; Van Marter, L.J.; Barss, V.A.; Greene, M.F.; Tuomala, R.E.; Epstein, M.F.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bengston JM, Van Marter LJ, Barss VA, Greene MF, Tuomala RE, Epstein MF. Pregnancy outcome after premature rupture of the membranes at or before 26 weeks gestation. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 73: 921-6.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(88)80092-9","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcome of expectant management of premature rupture of membranes in the midtrimester","volume":"159","author":"Moretti, M.; Sibai, B.M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Moretti M, Sibai BM. Maternal and perinatal outcome of expectant management of premature rupture of membranes in the midtrimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 390-6.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"615","article-title":"Premature rupture of membranes before fetal viability","volume":"64","author":"Taylor, J.; Garite, T.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Taylor J, Garite TJ. Premature rupture of membranes before fetal viability. Obstet Gynecol 1984; 64: 615-20.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(80)90572-4","article-title":"Conservative management of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes in a low socioeconomic population","volume":"136","author":"Schreiber, J.; Benedetti, T.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Schreiber J, Benedetti T. Conservative management of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes in a low socioeconomic population. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1980; 136: 92-6.","journal-title":"AmJ Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(88)80030-9","article-title":"Intraamniotic infection and the onset of labor in preterm premature of the membranes","volume":"159","author":"Romero, R.; Quintero, R.; Oyarzun, E.; King Wu, Y.; Sabo, V.; Mazor, M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Romero R, Quintero R, Oyarzun E, King Wu Y, Sabo V, Mazor M, et al. Intraamniotic infection and the onset of labor in preterm premature of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 661-6.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90038-5","article-title":"Amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandin F2a, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a (PGFM) and 1 1-deoxy-1 3, 14-dihydro-1 5-keto-1 1, 16-cyclo-prostaglandin E2 (PGEM-LL) in preterm labor","volume":"37","author":"Romero, R.; King Wu, Y.; Sirtori, M.; Oyarzun, E.; Mazor, M.; Hobbins, J.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Romero R, King Wu Y, Sirtori M, Oyarzun E, Mazor M, Hobbins JC, et al. Amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandin F2a, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a (PGFM) and 1 1-deoxy-1 3, 14-dihydro-1 5-keto-1 1, 16-cyclo-prostaglandin E2 (PGEM-LL) in preterm labor. Prostaglandins 1989; 37: 149-61.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Interleukin- 1: A signal for the onset of parturition","volume":"160","author":"Romero, R.; Brody, D.T.; Oyarzun, E.; Mazor, M.; King Wu, Y.; Hobbins, J.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Romero R, Brody DT, Oyarzun E, Mazor M, King Wu Y, Hobbins JC, et al. Interleukin-1: A signal for the onset of parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 1117-23.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.72.1.F43","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T17:21:23Z","timestamp":1757092883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.72.1.F43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/fn.72.1.F43"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.72.1.f43","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}