{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T02:58:18Z","timestamp":1770433098658,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the safety and efficacy of EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics) used to induce surface anaesthesia for venepuncture in healthy preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nineteen infants, median gestational age 31 weeks (range 26\u201333 weeks) were assessed in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over trial. Changes in physiological variables (heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation) and behavioural responses (neonatal facial coding system score, crying time) before and after venepuncture with EMLA cream were compared with those obtained with a placebo cream to assess efficacy. Toxicity was assessed by comparing methaemoglobin concentrations at 1 hour and 8 hours after application.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no significant difference in efficacy between EMLA and placebo creams in physiological and behavioural responses. There was no significant difference in methaemoglobin concentrations one hour after the cream had been applied. At eight hours, however, concentrations were significantly higher after EMLA than placebo (p=0.016). There was no evidence of clinical toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study does not support the routine use of EMLA for venepuncture in healthy preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.78.2.f138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,8]],"date-time":"2009-04-08T11:39:16Z","timestamp":1239190756000},"page":"F138-F142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Randomised controlled trial of eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics cream for venepuncture in healthy preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"A B","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Bustani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N A","family":"Taub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R M","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F47","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.72.1.F47","article-title":"Exposure to invasive procedures in neonatal intensive care unit admissions.","volume":"72","author":"Barker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81164-3"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90172-3"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(11)80007-7","article-title":"Use of the eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics in young children for procedure related pain.","volume":"122","author":"Koren","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Paediatr"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199306000-00003","article-title":"Physiological correlates of painful stimulation in preterm infants.","volume":"9","author":"Gonsalves","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10316-0"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90174-0"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/58.11.1242"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.84.2.281","article-title":"Topical skin anaesthesia for venous subcutaneous drug reservoirs and lumbar punctures in children.","volume":"84","author":"Halperin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(11)80006-5","article-title":"Topical anaesthesia and pain management before venepuncture.","volume":"122","author":"Joyce","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1988.tb05539.x","article-title":"Pain free injection in infants.","volume":"43","author":"Hopkins","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82220-6"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/64.1.72"},{"key":"2025090515115540000_78.2.F138.14","unstructured":"Burtin P Ito S (1995) Clinical pharmacology and toxicity of EMLA. 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