{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:25:11Z","timestamp":1785407111864,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To study the neurobehavioural effects that diabetes during pregnancy might have on children by school age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The neurobehavioural function of 57 school age children born to 48, well controlled diabetic mothers was compared with 57 control children matched for age, birth order, and parental socioeconomic status, using several cognitive, behavioural, sensory and motor neurological tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The IQ scores of the index group children were similar to those of control children (117.7\u00b113.4 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>118.5\u00b110.1). There were no differences between the groups in various sensory motor functions. However, the index group children performed less well than the controls on indices of fine and gross motor functions, as observed on the Bruininks\u2013Oseretzky test of motor proficiency. The scores of children born to diabetic mothers were higher than controls on the Touwen and Prechtl neurological examination. They also performed worse in the Pollack tapper test which is designed to detect minor neurological deficits, inattention, and hyperactivity. The index children had higher scores on the Conners abbreviated parent\u2013teacher questionnaire which measures hyperactivity and inattention. There was a negative correlation between the performance of the index group children on various neurodevelopmental and behavioural tests and the severity of hyperglycaemia, as assessed by blood glycosylated haemoglobin and acetonuria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes during pregnancy adversely affects some fine neurological functions in children at school age, but not their cognitive scores. These effects are not correlated with the degree of glycaemic control.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.79.2.f94","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,8]],"date-time":"2009-04-08T11:39:16Z","timestamp":1239190756000},"page":"F94-F99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":255,"title":["Neurobehaviour of school age children born to diabetic mothers"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Ornoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Ratzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Greenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Peretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Dulitzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Pregnancy care and prevention of birth defects.","volume":"20","author":"Eskes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199408000-00023","article-title":"Diabetic embryopathy.","volume":"6","author":"Goto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ped"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.3","first-page":"81","article-title":"The offspring of a diabetic mother-short and long range implications.","volume":"28","author":"Hod","year":"1992","journal-title":"Israel J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105283042204"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.4.292"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420250316","article-title":"Malformations in infants of diabetic mothers.","volume":"25","author":"Mills","year":"1982","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803173181104","article-title":"NIHHD and diabetes in early pregnancy study: Lack of relation of increased malformation rates in infants of diabetic mothers to glycemic control during organogenesis.","volume":"318","author":"Mills","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.11.9.713"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.9","first-page":"593","article-title":"Diagnosis, classifications, and metabolic management of diabetes in pregnancy: Therapeutic impact of self-monitoring of blood glucose and of newer methods of insulin delivery.","volume":"42","author":"Blumenthal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surveys"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.10","first-page":"635","article-title":"Infants of the diabetic mother.","volume":"20","author":"Cordero","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes in Pregnancy"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92525-4","article-title":"Hemoglobin Alc in diabetic pregnancy.","volume":"ii","author":"Leslie","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025090509490810000_79.2.F94.12","unstructured":"Wolf A (1997) Developmental evaluation on early school age children born to gestational diabetic mothers. 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