{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:47:54Z","timestamp":1791208074715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To establish the extent and type of premedication used before intubation in neonatal units in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A structured telephone survey was conducted of 241 eligible units. Units were subdivided into those that routinely intubated and ventilated babies (routine group) and those that transferred intubated and ventilated babies (transfer group).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the units contacted, 239 (99%) participated. Only 88\/239 (37%) gave any sedation before intubating on the unit and only 34\/239 (14%) had a written policy covering this. Morphine was used most commonly (66%), with other opioids and benzodiazepines used less frequently. Of the 88 units using sedation, 19 (22%) also used paralysis. Suxamethonium was given by 10\/19 (53%) but only half of these combined it with atropine. Drug doses varied by factors of up to 200, even for commonly used drugs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most UK neonatal units do not sedate babies before intubating, despite evidence of physiological and practical benefits. Only a minority have written guidelines, which prohibits auditing of practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:boxed-text position=\"float\">\n                        <jats:sec>\n                           <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                           <jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n                              <jats:list-item>\n                                 <jats:p>There is good evidence of physiological and practical benefit when neonates are sedated before intubation, and no evidence that it is harmful.<\/jats:p>\n                              <\/jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:list-item>\n                                 <jats:p>Only 37% of UK neonatal units routinely sedate babies before intubating them on the unit.<\/jats:p>\n                              <\/jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:list-item>\n                                 <jats:p>Only 14% of units have formal guidelines for sedation before intubation, prohibiting audit of practice.<\/jats:p>\n                              <\/jats:list-item>\n                           <\/jats:list>\n                        <\/jats:sec>\n                     <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.82.1.f38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:40:22Z","timestamp":1027752022000},"page":"F38-F41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Premedication before intubation in UK neonatal units"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Whyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginny","family":"Birrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wyllie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195109000-00002"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80137-7"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198406000-00006"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198709000-00012"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/60.2.167"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198912000-00009"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13040.x","article-title":"Physiological changes, plasma \u03b2-endorphin and cortisol responses to tracheal intubation in neonates.","volume":"83","author":"Pokela","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03009904"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80558-0"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1992.02160140013008"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10058.x"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11022.x","article-title":"Catecholamine response to chest physiotherapy and endotracheal suctioning in preterm infants.","volume":"74","author":"Greisen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Pediatr Scand"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.61.6.904","article-title":"Early increase in intracranial pressure in preterm neonates.","volume":"61","author":"Donn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.1.32","article-title":"Timing and antecedents of intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn.","volume":"74","author":"McDonald","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80657-4"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993928"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199309000-00044"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01956430","article-title":"Midazolam and myoclonus in neonates.","volume":"153","author":"Magny","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01958970"},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.20","unstructured":"Birrell VL, Wyllie JP, Pagan J. Midazolam causing convulsions.Br J Intensive Care (In press)."},{"key":"2025090514341746000_82.1.F38.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F61","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.1.F61","article-title":"Use of methohexital for elective intubation in neonates.","volume":"77","author":"Naulers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.82.1.F38","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T21:34:22Z","timestamp":1757108062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.82.1.F38"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/fn.82.1.F38"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.82.1.f38","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]}}}