{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T18:17:58Z","timestamp":1757614678451,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether patient triggered ventilation (PTV) leads to greater exposure to significant hypocarbia than conventional ventilation (CMV) in premature infants during the first 72 hours of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infants of 32 weeks gestation or less were included. Randomisation yielded 74 infants on PTV and 68 infants on CMV. Arterial Pa<jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc>\n                     <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>measurements were taken four hourly for the first 72 hours of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean Pa<jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc>\n                     <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels on days 1, 2, and 3 were not significantly different between the two groups. The proportion of infants with Pa<jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc>\n                     <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels of 3.33 kPa or less did not differ between PTV and CMV infants. Mean percentages of infants with this level of hypocarbia at any time were 31.4%, 18.9%, 8.8% on days 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Cumulative hypocarbia, below a 3.33 kPa threshold, was 0.0084 kPa.h (PTV) versus 0.0263 kPa.h (CMV) per hour ventilated during the first 24 hours (p\u2009=\u20090.259). Risk factors associated with hypocarbia on day 1 were peak inspiratory pressure below 14 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O (odds ratio 4.79) as well as Fi<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                     <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> below 0.30 (odds ratio 3.42).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to hypocarbia (Pa<jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc>\n                     <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 3.33 kPa or below) was not significantly different between PTV and CMV infants during the first 72 hours of life. Hypocarbia was common in both groups on day 1 and to a lesser extent on day 2. Infants with the least requirements for ventilatory support were at highest risk of hypocarbia on day 1 of life. Preterm infants with mild hyaline membrane disease require a more aggressive approach to weaning on both modes of ventilation, followed by extubation to limit the risk of hypocarbia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.84.1.f14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:40:22Z","timestamp":1027752022000},"page":"F14-F17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Randomised study comparing extent of hypocarbia in preterm infants during conventional and patient triggered ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Luyt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aChild Health Department, Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8DH, Devon, UK, \n\nbDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aChild Health Department, Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8DH, Devon, UK, \n\nbDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J H","family":"Baumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aChild Health Department, Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8DH, Devon, UK, \n\nbDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.48.3.468","article-title":"Effect of CO2 and 100% O2 on cerebral blood flow in preterm infants.","volume":"48","author":"Leahy","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199106010-00007"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10489.x"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.4.515","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in preterm infants: neurosonographic and developmental studies.","volume":"90","author":"Graziani","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.71.2.F107"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10456.x","article-title":"Etiological factors associated with the development of periventricular leukomalacia.","volume":"76","author":"Calvert","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.5.918","article-title":"Effects of hypocarbia on the development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants treated with high-frequency jet ventilation.","volume":"98","author":"Wiswell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12107.x"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80345-2"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170190027005"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92562-6","article-title":"Patient-triggered ventilation in the newborn.","volume":"2","author":"Mehta","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1991.19.6.471","article-title":"Airway pressure triggered ventilation for preterm neonates.","volume":"19","author":"Greenough","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199611)22:5<305::AID-PPUL3>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.1.77"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.82.1.F5"},{"key":"2025090501493061000_84.1.F14.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92296-6"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.84.1.F14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T08:49:44Z","timestamp":1757062184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/fn.84.1.F14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/fn.84.1.F14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.84.1.f14","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1359-2998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-2052"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]}}}