{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:17:24Z","timestamp":1791937044642,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>AIM<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether differing policies with regard to the control of oxygen saturation have any impact on the number of babies who develop retinopathy of prematurity and the number surviving with or without signs of cerebral palsy at one year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An examination of the case notes of all the 295 babies who survived infancy after delivery before 28 weeks gestation in the north of England in 1990\u20131994.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Babies given enough supplemental oxygen to maintain an oxygen saturation of 88\u201398%, as measured by pulse oximetry, for at least the first 8 weeks of life developed retinopathy of prematurity severe enough to be treated with cryotherapy four times as often as babies only given enough oxygen to maintain an oxygen saturation of 70\u201390% (27.2%<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 6.2%). Surviving babies were also ventilated longer (31.4 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 13.9 days), more likely to be in oxygen at a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks (46%<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 18 %), and more likely to have a weight below the third centile at discharge (45% <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>17%). There was no difference in the proportion who survived infancy (53% <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 52%) or who later developed cerebral palsy (17% <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 15%). The lowest incidence of retinopathy in the study was associated with a policy that made little use of arterial lines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Attempts to keep oxygen saturation at a normal \u201cphysiological\u201d level may do more harm than good in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.84.2.f106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:40:22Z","timestamp":1027752022000},"page":"F106-F110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":334,"title":["Pulse oximetry, severe retinopathy, and outcome at one year in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"W","family":"Tin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Paediatrics, South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK, \n\nbRoyal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D W A","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Paediatrics, South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK, \n\nbRoyal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Pennefather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Paediatrics, South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK, \n\nbRoyal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Hey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Paediatrics, South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK, \n\nbRoyal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.1","unstructured":"Duc G Sinclair JC (1992) Oxygen administration. in Effective care of the newborn infant. eds Sinclair JC Bracken MB (Oxford University Press, Oxford), pp 178\u2013199."},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204163261603"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7074.107","article-title":"Changing prognosis for babies of less than 28 weeks' gestation in the north of England between 1983 and 1994.","volume":"314","author":"Tin","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)12506-X"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.5","first-page":"26","article-title":"Ocular outcome in children born before 32 weeks' gestation.","volume":"9 (suppl)","author":"Pennefather","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.7_Spec_No.860"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.7","unstructured":"Ziakis N Clarke MP Cottrell DG (1997) Compliance with the guidelines of screening for retinopathy of prematurity in the northern region of England. in Progress in retinopathy of prematurity. eds Reibaldi A Di Pietro M Scuderi A (Kugler, Amsterdam), p 37."},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F216","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.3.F216","article-title":"Gestational assessment assessed.","volume":"77","author":"Wariyar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130413008"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.65.3.536","article-title":"Effects of inspired oxygen on echo-cardiographic assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance and myocardial contractility in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.","volume":"65","author":"Halliday","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.10_Spec_No.1221"},{"key":"2025090503512927000_84.2.F106.12","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (1997) Guidelines for perinatal care. 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