{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:23:37Z","timestamp":1794324217843,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention","award":["SYS2023B08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYS2023B08"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province University Scientific Research Projects","award":["2023AH040086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH040086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gen. Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet\u2010based interventions (IBIs) for behavioural health have been prevalent for over two decades, and a growing proportion of individuals with mental health concerns prefer these emerging digital alternatives. However, the effectiveness and acceptability of IBIs for various mental health disorders continue to be subject to scholarly debate. We performed an umbrella review of meta\u2010analyses (MAs), conducting literature searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane and Ovid Medline from their inception to 17\u00a0January 2023. A total of 87\u00a0MAs, reporting on 1683 randomised controlled trials and 295 589 patients, were included. The results indicated that IBIs had a moderate effect on anxiety disorder (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.53, 95%\u2009CI 0.44 to 0.62) and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (SMD=0.63, 95%\u2009CI 0.38 to 0.89). In contrast, the efficacy on depression (SMD=0.45, 95%\u2009CI 0.39 to 0.52), addiction (SMD=0.23, 95%\u2009CI 0.16 to 0.31), suicidal ideation (SMD=0.23, 95%\u2009CI 0.16 to 0.30), stress (SMD=0.41, 95%\u2009CI 0.33 to 0.48) and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (SMD=0.47, 95%\u2009CI 0.22 to 0.73) was relatively small. However, no significant effects were observed for personality disorders (SMD=0.07, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.13 to 0.26). Our findings suggest a significant association between IBIs and improved mental health outcomes, with particular effectiveness noted in treating anxiety disorders and PTSD. However, it is noteworthy that the effectiveness of IBIs was impacted by high dropout rates during treatment. Furthermore, our results indicated that guided IBIs proved to be more effective than unguided ones, playing a positive role in reducing dropout rates and enhancing patient adherence rates. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023417366.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T23:10:34Z","timestamp":1721344234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Assessing the effectiveness of internet\u2010based interventions for mental health outcomes: an umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Translational Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyue","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenglan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5228-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Translational Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology School of Mental Health and Psychological Science Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.711652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2020.102906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.041152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2011.573807"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9203-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v11.i4.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","article-title":"Therapist\u2010supported internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults","volume":"3","author":"Olthuis JV","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2010.550058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1879551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/35940"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-020-00127-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3933"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30199-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.4364"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/28168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25655-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9130-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Umbrella review \u2010 a new method related to evidence\u2010based medical analysis","volume":"41","author":"Liu HX","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-9715(90)90050-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100674"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03396-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.23.3152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","first-page":"567","article-title":"Two decades of digital interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of treatment effectiveness","volume":"53","author":"Pauley D","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2019.1628808"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2022-300540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5774"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.146068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.082776"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070903318960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719839381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2012.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101133"}],"container-title":["General Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:33:38Z","timestamp":1775644418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101355.supp1","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2096-5923","2517-729X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-5923","type":"print"},{"value":"2517-729X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"article-number":"e101355"}}