{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:39:40Z","timestamp":1788435580381,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global WACh Rising Star Seed Award by the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, USA","award":["UW\/GWACh\/RSA\/2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UW\/GWACh\/RSA\/2023-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gen. Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally, suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15\u201319 years. However, there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid little attention to pregnant adolescent girls, particularly in low\u2010income and middle\u2010income countries, including Ghana, where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences (unwanted) pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self\u2010reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected cross\u2010sectional data (between August 2022 and December 2023) using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls (aged 14\u201319 years) drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana. We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 28.51% (95% confidence interval (CI) 24.37% to 32.93%) reported suicidal ideation, and 18.04% (95% CI 14.59% to 21.91%) reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy. Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons (eg, to communicate distress, to seek help or to influence others) than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide. In the final adjusted logistic regression models, food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.69; 95%\u2009CI 1.34 to 5.41; p=0.005) was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation. Adverse childhood experiences (aOR=3.04; 95%\u2009CI 1.33 to 6.97; p=0.008), history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy (aOR=3.47; 95%\u2009CI 1.27 to 9.47; p=0.0.015) and depression (measured by the 5\u2010item World Health Organization Well\u2010Being Index; aOR=0.31; 95%\u2009CI 0.12 to 0.77; p=0.012) were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt. Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt: conflict with parents, alcohol use, pregnancy\u2010related anxiety, history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence. While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation, intimate partner\u2019s acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non\u2010pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana, additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study. The evidence also highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T21:10:23Z","timestamp":1736457023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8720-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Nii\u2010Boye","family":"Quarshie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Global Health Global Center for the Integrated Health of Women, Adolescents, and Children (Global WACh) University of Washington\u2014Seattle Campus Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of Psychological and Social Medicine Leeds Institute of Health Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica Danfrekua","family":"Dickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapy and Wellness Department Medical Division 37\u00a0Military Hospital Accra Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Naa\u2010Shasha","family":"Quarshie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ledzokuku\u2010Krowor Municipal Assembly (LEKMA) Polyclinic Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia Ewuenye Adwoa","family":"Kpebu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana"},{"name":"School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwaku","family":"Oppong Asante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Psychology Department University of the Free State\u2014Bloemfontein Campus Bloemfontein Free State South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","unstructured":"WHO.Preventing suicide: a global imperative.Geneva:World Health Organization;2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","volume-title":"Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00138"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","article-title":"Self\u2010harm and suicidal behaviours among pregnant adolescent girls and young women could be doubly compounded in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: a call for further research","volume":"45","author":"Quarshie E\u2010B","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinMed"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-016-0646-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30284-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101289"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0640-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","unstructured":"UNFPA\u2010Ghana.Adolescent pregnancy in Ghanaian communities \u2013 a worrying trend amid MTCT of HIV 2022. Available:https:\/\/ghana.unfpa.org\/en\/news\/adolescent\u2010pregnancy\u2010ghanaian\u2010communities\u2010%E2%80%93\u2010worrying\u2010trend\u2010amid\u2010mtct\u2010hiv\u20100[Accessed 30 Aug 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","volume-title":"The situation of adolescents in Ghana","author":"UNICEF","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02674-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02587-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041609"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115857"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010-w1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","volume-title":"Sampling techniques","author":"Cochran WG","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107319110100800409"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199812000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","unstructured":"WHO.Ghana: Global school\u2010based student health survey (GSHS) 2024. Available:https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/noncommunicable\u2010diseases\/surveillance\/data\/ghana[Accessed 10\u00a0Jan 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rel1010078"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.18.4.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","volume-title":"Wellbeing measures in primary health care: the DepCare Project: report on a WHO Meeting Stockholm, Sweden 12\u201013 February 1998","author":"WHO","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5172\/jamh.4.3.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230068030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000127692.23278.a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00139-9"}],"container-title":["General Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101643","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101643","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:34:55Z","timestamp":1775644495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gpsych-2024-101643","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-5923","2517-729X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-5923","type":"print"},{"value":"2517-729X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"article-number":"e101643"}}