{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:14:19Z","timestamp":1771456459796,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1960,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreozymin in man as in animals appears to act as a specific enzyme stimulant. The preparations of pancreozymin used in these experiments also contain cholecystokinin, which causes the gall bladder to contract, and a smooth muscle stimulant, possibly substance P.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The duodenal contents obtained in response to a standard dose of secretin and pancreozymin have been collected quantitatively in man and the volume and amount of bicarbonate, amylase, trypsin, and lipase measured in order to study pancreatic function. The results of 105 tests undertaken on a normal group, in pancreatic and biliary disease, and in non-pancreatic steatorrhoea have been analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In localized pancreatic lesions and after recovery from acute pancreatitis, normal function is often retained. Mild functional impairment may be demonstrated only by a poor enzyme output in the post-pancreozymin fractions, while at a later stage bicarbonate output is affected and finally the volume of the duodenal contents is reduced. The secretin-pancreozymin test is most valuable, therefore, in the more chronic and advanced forms of pancreatic disease in which it gives a good assessment of residual pancreatic function. In diagnosis care must be taken in interpreting a functional test in terms of anatomical pathology. The test has proved useful not only in diagnosis but also as a guide to treatment and an index of prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.1.2.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"111-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["A Test of Pancreatic Function in Man Based on the Analysis of Duodenal Contents after Administration of Secretin and Pancreozymin"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Burton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. G.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry T.","family":"Howat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Oleesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Varley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1960,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1936.tb14597.x","article-title":"The pancreatic secretion in man after intravenous administration of secretin","volume":"90","author":"Agren, G.; Lagerlof, H.","year":"1936","unstructured":"Agren, G., and Lagerlof, H. (1936). The pancreatic secretion in man after intravenous administration of secretin. Acta med. scand., 90, 1.","journal-title":"Acta med. scand"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"The biliary response in the secretin test","volume":"92","author":"Agren, G.; Lagerlof, H.","year":"1937","unstructured":"Agren, G., and Lagerlof, H. (1937). The biliary response in the secretin test. Ibid., 92, 359.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194206000-00014","article-title":"Tests of hepatic and pancreatic function in the differential diagnosis and preparation of patients with lesions of the biliary tract","volume":"115","author":"Andrus, W.de W.; Lord, J.W.; Lake, M.","year":"1942","unstructured":"Andrus, W. de W., Lord, J. W., and Lake, M. (1942). Tests of hepatic and pancreatic function in the differential diagnosis and preparation of patients with lesions of the biliary tract. Ann. Surg., 115, 1015.","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1902.sp000920","article-title":"The mechanism of pancreatic secretion","volume":"28","author":"Bayliss, W.M.; Starling, E.H.","year":"1902","unstructured":"Bayliss, W. M. and Starling, E. H. (1902). The mechanism of pancreatic secretion. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 28, 325.","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Lesions du pancrdes et troubles fonctionels pancrdatiques: Diagnostic en clinique par l'dpreuve a la sdcrdtine purifide","author":"Bolgert, M.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Bolgert, M. (1935). Lesions du pancrdes et troubles fonctionels pancrdatiques: Diagnostic en clinique par l'dpreuve a la sdcrdtine purifide. Masson, Paris."},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"The use of cholecystokinin to test gall bladder function","author":"Burton, P.; Harper, A.A.; Howat, H.T.; Scott, J.E.; Varley, H.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Burton, P., Harper, A. A., Howat, H. T., Scott, J. E., and Varley, H. (1960a). The use of cholecystokinin to test gall bladder function in man. Gut. To be published."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"125","article-title":"Serum amylase and serum lipase levels in man after administration of secretin and pancreozymin","volume":"1","author":"Burton, P.; Harper, A.A.; Howat, H.T.; Scott, J.E.; Varley, H.; Hammond, Elizabeth M.; Harper, A.A.; Howat, H.T.; Scott, J.E.; Varley, H.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Burton, P., Harper, A. A., Howat, H. T., Scott, J. E., and Varley, H., Hammond, Elizabeth M., Harper, A. A., Howat, H. T., Scott, J. E., and Varley, H. (1960b). Serum amylase and serum lipase levels in man after administration of secretin and pancreozymin Ibid., 1, 125.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1932.100.2.266","article-title":"The specificity of pancreatic lipase: its appearance in the blood after pancreatic injury","volume":"100","author":"Cherry, I.S.; Crandall, L.A.","year":"1932","unstructured":"Cherry, I. S., and Crandall, L. A. (1932). The specificity of pancreatic lipase: its appearance in the blood after pancreatic injury. Amer. J. Physiol., 100, 266.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Physiol"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"977","article-title":"L'exploration clinique du pancreas et l'injection intraveineuse de secr6tine purifiee","volume":"38","author":"Chiray, M.; Jeandel, A.; Salmon, A.","year":"1930","unstructured":"Chiray, M., Jeandel, A., and Salmon, A. (1930). L'exploration clinique du pancreas et l'injection intraveineuse de secr6tine purifiee. Presse mdd., 38, 977.","journal-title":"Presse mdd"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Action de la secretine purifi6e sur la secretion externe du pancreas de 1thomme","author":"Chiray, M.; Jeandel, A.; Salmon, A.; Salmon, A.R.; Mercier, A.","year":"1926","unstructured":"Chiray, M., Jeandel, A., and Salmon, A., Salmon, A. R., and Mercier, A. (1926). Action de la secretine purifi6e sur la secretion externe du pancreas de 1thomme."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1940.00190150159012","article-title":"Pancreatic secretion in man after stimulation with secretin and acetylbetamethycholine chloride","volume":"66","author":"Comfort, M.W.; Osterberg, A.E.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Comfort, M. W., and Osterberg, A. E. (1940). Pancreatic secretion in man after stimulation with secretin and acetylbetamethycholine chloride. Arch. intern. Med., 66, 688.","journal-title":"Arch. intern. Med"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004445","article-title":"On the preparation of secretin and pancreozymin","volume":"110","author":"Crick, Joan; Harper, A.A.; Raper, H.S.","year":"1949","unstructured":"Crick, Joan, Harper, A. A., and Raper, H. S. (1949). On the preparation of secretin and pancreozymin. J. Physiol. 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Gastroenterology, 11, 701.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"162","article-title":"Studies of pancreatic function. III. The use of the secretin test in the diagnosis of patients with the post-cholecystectomy syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Dreiling, D.A.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Dreiling, D. A. (1950). Studies of pancreatic function. III. The use of the secretin test in the diagnosis of patients with the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Ibid., 16, 162.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"184","article-title":"Studies in pancreatic function. IV. The use of the secretin test in the diagnosis of tumors in and about the pancreas","volume":"18","author":"Dreiling, D.A.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Dreiling, D. A. (1951). Studies in pancreatic function. IV. The use of the secretin test in the diagnosis of tumors in and about the pancreas. Ibid., 18, 184.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"540","article-title":"Studies in pancreatic function. V. The use of the secretin test in the diagnosis of pancreatitis and in the demonstration of pancreatic insufficiencies in gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"24","author":"Dreiling, D.A.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Dreiling, D. A. (1953). Studies in pancreatic function. V. The use of the secretin test in the diagnosis of pancreatitis and in the demonstration of pancreatic insufficiencies in gastrointestinal disorders. Ibid., 24, 540.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"The technique of the secretin test: normal ranges","author":"Dreiling, D.A.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Dreiling, D. A. (1955). The technique of the secretin test: normal ranges."},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Studies in pancreatic function","author":"Hollander, F.","year":"1948","unstructured":"-, and Hollander, F. (1948). 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Gastroent"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"19","article-title":"The use of the cholecystokinetic agent in preparations of pancreozymin to study gall bladder function in man","volume":"121","author":"Duncan, P.R.; Evans, D.G.; Harper, A.A.; Howat, H.T.; Oleesky, S.; Scott, J.E.; Varley, H.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Duncan, P. R., Evans, D. G., Harper, A. A., Howat, H. T., Oleesky, S., Scott, J. E., and Varley, H. (1953). The use of the cholecystokinetic agent in preparations of pancreozymin to study gall bladder function in man. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 121, 19P.","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_26","author":"Harper, A.A.; Howat, H.T.; Oleesky, S.; Varley, H.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Harper, A. A., Howat, H. T., Oleesky, S., and Varley, H. (1950)."},{"key":"ref_27","article-title":"The use of(1952). Tests of gall-bladder function The use of preparations containing cholecystokinin","unstructured":"The use of(1952). 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A. (1959). Physiologic factors regulating pancreatic secretion. Ibid., 36, 386.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1943.sp004021","article-title":"Pancreozymin, a stimulant of the secretion of pancreatic enzymes in extracts of the small intestine","volume":"102","author":"Harper, A.A.; Raper, H.S.","year":"1943","unstructured":"Harper, A. A., and Raper, H. S. (1943). Pancreozymin, a stimulant of the secretion of pancreatic enzymes in extracts of the small intestine. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 102, 115.","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"766","volume-title":"Modern Trends in Gastroenterology","author":"Howat, H.T.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Howat, H. T. (1952). In Modern Trends in Gastroenterology, p. 766. Ed. F. Avery Jones. 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Dis"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"154","article-title":"The secretin test of pancreatic function","volume":"55","author":"Pratt, J.H.; Brugsch, H.G.; Rostler, A.E.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Pratt, J. H., Brugsch, H. G., and Rostler, A. E. (1940). The secretin test of pancreatic function. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns, 55, 154.","journal-title":"Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(57)80131-0","article-title":"Value of combined study of serum enzymes and duodenal contents after secretin in the diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas","volume":"32","author":"Sun, D.C.H.; Shay, H.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Sun, D. C. H., and Shay, H. (1957). Value of combined study of serum enzymes and duodenal contents after secretin in the diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas. 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