{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:33:30Z","timestamp":1765629210409,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The crystalline composition of two collections of gallstones from patients in England and Australia have been determined by the\n                    <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    -ray powder diffraction technique. Twelve substances have been identified including a form of cholesterol which hitherto has not been reported. The weighted percentage composition averaged over each collection shows that cholesterol is the major constituent of the Australian stones and cholesterol and cholesterol monohydrate the major constituents of the English calculi. The cholesterol is possibly a decomposition product of the monohydrate. The calcium carbonates\u2014calcite, aragonite, and vaterite\u2014constitute most of the remainder of the calculi. Although their percentage composition is much smaller than that of the cholesterols, they are nevertheless present in a high proportion of stones. Small traces of apatite, whitlockite, sodium chloride, calcium stearate and palmitic acid (or other long-chain compounds having closely related spacings) have been found. Small spheroids scattered throughout some stones appear to be mainly calcium stearate, although the total quantity available is too small and too impure for a definite identification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.10.8.681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"681-683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["<i>X<\/i>\n                    -ray diffraction studies of the composition of gallstones from English and Australian patients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"D. June","family":"Sutor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Wooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1969,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"The composition and structure of Human gallstones","volume":"226","author":"Bogren, H.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bogren, H. (1964). The composition and structure of Human gallstones. Acta radiol. (Diagm.) (Stockh.) Supplementum, 226.","journal-title":"Acta radiol. (Diagm.) (Stockh.) Supplementum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(63)90580-8","article-title":"An x-ray-diffraction study of crystalline cholesterol in some pathological deposits in man","volume":"75","author":"Bogren, H.; Larsson, K.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bogren, H., and Larsson, K. (1963). An x-ray-diffraction study of crystalline cholesterol in some pathological deposits in man. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.), 75, 65-69.","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Private communication","author":"Kirk, C.J.C.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kirk, C. J. C. (1968). Private communication."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/217056a0","article-title":"Epitaxy as a growth factor in urinary calculi and gallstones","volume":"217","author":"Lonsdale, K.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lonsdale, K. (1968). Epitaxy as a growth factor in urinary calculi and gallstones. Nature, 217, 56-58.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"33","article-title":"Composition of urinary calculi by x-ray diffraction. Collected data from various localities","volume":"40","author":"Sutor, D.J.; Wooley, S.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sutor, D. J., and Wooley, S. (1968). Composition of urinary calculi by x-ray diffraction. Collected data from various localities. I. Norwich (England) and district, 1773-1961. Brit. J. Urol., 40. 33-36.","journal-title":"I. Norwich (England) and district, 1773-1961. Brit. J. Urol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"29","article-title":"Difficulties in the identification of components of mixed urinary calculi using the x-ray powder method","volume":"40","author":"Sutor, D.J.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sutor, D. J. (1968). Difficulties in the identification of components of mixed urinary calculi using the x-ray powder method. Ibid, 40, 29-32.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"22","article-title":"Identification standards for human urinary calculus components, using crystallographic methods","volume":"40","author":"Sutor, D.J.; Scheidt, S.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sutor, D. J. and Scheidt, S. (1968). Identification standards for human urinary calculus components, using crystallographic methods. Ibid, 40, 22-28.","journal-title":"Ibid"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.10.8.681","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:30:31Z","timestamp":1765629031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.10.8.681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1969,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.10.8.681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.10.8.681","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1969,8]]}}}