{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T19:30:06Z","timestamp":1765654206805,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The plasma clearance and the liver uptake of intravenously administered\n                    <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cu were significantly impaired in four patients with Wilson's disease. These defects were unlikely to be simply expressions of the high liver copper concentration as the plasma clearance and hepatic uptake of\n                    <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cu were normal in four patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, in whom the liver copper concentration was raised to a degree comparable to that in Wilson's disease. The normal liver uptake and plasma clearance of\n                    <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cu in three patients with other forms of hepatocellular disease suggest that impaired liver cell function does not have a significant effect. The precise nature of the defect in copper transport in Wilson's disease remains to be elucidated; it is possible that delayed uptake of copper by the hepatic lysosomes may account for the toxic effects of the metal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.2.139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"139-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Copper kinetics in liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Smallwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"McIlveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. M.","family":"Rosenoer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1971,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Structural changes of liver cells in copper intoxication","volume":"78","author":"Barka, T.; Scheuer, P.J.; Schaffner, F.; Popper, H.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Barka, T., Scheuer, P. J., Schaffner, F., and Popper, H. (1964). Structural changes of liver cells in copper intoxication. Arch. Path., 78, 331-349.","journal-title":"Arch. Path"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Heavy Metals and the Brain","author":"Cumings, J.N.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Cumings, J. N. (1959). Heavy Metals and the Brain. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois; Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/215074a0","article-title":"Demonstration of copper and acid phosphatase activity in hepatocyte lysosomes in experimental copper toxicity","volume":"215","author":"Goldfischer, S.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Goldfischer, S. (1967). Demonstration of copper and acid phosphatase activity in hepatocyte lysosomes in experimental copper toxicity. Nature (Lond.), 215, 74-75.","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"883","article-title":"Changes in the distribution of hepatic copper in relation to the progression of Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)","volume":"53","author":"Goldfisher, S.; Sternlieb, I.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Goldfisher, S., and Sternlieb, I. (1968). Changes in the distribution of hepatic copper in relation to the progression of Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). Amer. J. Pathol., 53, 883-900.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Pathol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"754","article-title":"Use of whole-body counter to study body retention of radiocopper in Wilson's disease","volume":"72","author":"Hamamoto, K.; Tauxe, W.N.; Novak, L.P.; Goldstein, N.P.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hamamoto, K., Tauxe, W. N., Novak, L. P., and Goldstein, N. P. (1968). Use of whole-body counter to study body retention of radiocopper in Wilson's disease. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 72, 754-759.","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"471","article-title":"Studies on the pathogenesis of hepatolenticular degeneration. I. Acid phosphatase activity in copper-loaded rat livers","volume":"51","author":"Lindquist, R.R.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Lindquist, R. R. (1967). Studies on the pathogenesis of hepatolenticular degeneration. I. Acid phosphatase activity in copper-loaded rat livers. Amer. J. Path., 51, 471-481.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Path"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"379","article-title":"The liver\/thigh 6\"Cu ratio in Wilson's disease","volume":"34","author":"Levi, A.J.; Williams, H.S.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Levi, A. J., and Williams, H. S. (1968). The liver\/thigh 6\"Cu ratio in Wilson's disease. Clin. Sci., 34, 379-383.","journal-title":"Clin. Sci"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"421","article-title":"Excretion of radio-copper by the neonatal rat","volume":"74","author":"Mearrick, P.T.; Mistilis, S.P.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Mearrick, P. T., and Mistilis, S. P. (1969). Excretion of radio-copper by the neonatal rat. J. Lab. clin. Med., 74, 421-426.","journal-title":"J. Lab. clin. Med"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"143","article-title":"Detection of the heterozygote of Wilson's diease","volume":"10","author":"O'Reilly, S.; Weber, P.; Pollycove, M.; Shipley, L.","year":"1969","unstructured":"O'Reilly, S., Weber, P., Pollycove, M., and Shipley, L. (1969). Detection of the heterozygote of Wilson's diease. J. nucl. Med., 10, 143-144.","journal-title":"J. nucl. Med"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"141","article-title":"Copper uptake by the liver: study of a Wilson's disease family","volume-title":"Wilson's Disease: Some Current Concepts","author":"Osborn, S.B.; Waishe, J.M.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Osborn, S. B., and Waishe, J. M. (1961). Copper uptake by the liver: study of a Wilson's disease family. In Wilson's Disease: Some Current Concepts, edited by J. M. Walshe and J. N. Cumings, pp. 141-150. Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"319","article-title":"Studies with radiocopper (\"Cu) in Wilson's disease: the liver\/thigh ratio","volume":"27","author":"Osborn, S.B.; Walshe, J.M.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Osborn, S. B., and Walshe, J. M. (1964). Studies with radiocopper (\"Cu) in Wilson's disease: the liver\/thigh ratio. Clin. Sci., 27, 319-328.","journal-title":"Clin. Sci"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)92893-0","article-title":"Studies with radioactive copper (\"Cu and \"Cu) in relation to the natural history of Wilson's disease","volume":"1","author":"Osborn, S.B.; Walshe, J.M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Osborn, S. B., and Walshe, J. M. (1967). Studies with radioactive copper (\"Cu and \"Cu) in relation to the natural history of Wilson's disease. Lancet, 1, 346-350.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Observations on copper metabolism in homozygotes and heterozygotes of Wilson's disease. In Wilson's Disease: Some Current Concepts","author":"Sass-Kortsak, A.; Glatt, B.S.; Cherniak, M.; Cederlund, I.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Sass-Kortsak, A., Glatt, B. S., Cherniak, M., and Cederlund, I. (1961). Observations on copper metabolism in homozygotes and heterozygotes of Wilson's disease. In Wilson's Disease: Some Current Concepts, edited by J. M. Walshe and J. N. Cumings, pp. 151-177, Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Copper Metabolism. In Advanc. in clin","volume":"8","author":"Sass-Kortsak, A.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Sass-Kortsak, A. (1965). Copper Metabolism. In Advanc. in clin. Chem., 8, 1-67.","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/15.5.300","article-title":"A method for the demonstration of copper under the electron microscope","volume":"15","author":"Scheuer, P.J.; Thorpe, M.E.C.; Marriott, P.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Scheuer, P. J., Thorpe, M. E. C., and Marriott, P. (1967). A method for the demonstration of copper under the electron microscope. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 15, 300-301.","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Liver copper levels in liver disease. 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