{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T09:07:44Z","timestamp":1765616864397,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The activities of jejunal mucosal peptide hydrolases for glycylglycine, glycyl-L-leucine and L-leucylglycine, were assayed in 37 patients. Eight patients, four of whom had Crohn's disease, were found to have a marked reduction in the activity of glycylglycine dipeptidase and, to a lesser extent, of the other two hydrolases. Although absorption of glycine in the two groups was similar, there was malabsorption of glycylglycine in the patients with reduced dipeptidases as shown by a flat absorption curve. The importance of peptide hydrolases of small-intestinal mucosa in the final digestion of proteins, and the implications of peptidase deficiency in disease states is discussed. It is concluded that significant peptidase deficiency may occur even when the mucosa is otherwise histologically completely normal, similar to some states of disaccharidase deficiency described in recent years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.4.276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"276-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Dipeptidase deficiency and malabsorption of glycylglycine in disease states"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Sadikali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1971,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.11.3.250","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of carnosine and its constituent amino acids in man","volume":"11","author":"Asatoor, A.M.; Bandoh, J.K.; Lant, A.F.; Milne, M.D.; Navab, F.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Asatoor, A. M., Bandoh, J. K., Lant, A. F., Milne, M. D., and Navab, F. (1970). Intestinal absorption of carnosine and its constituent amino acids in man. Gut, 11, 250-254.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)73373-5","article-title":"The occurrence of leucylpeptidase","volume":"133","author":"Berger, J.; Johnson, M.J.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Berger, J., and Johnson, M. J. (1940). The occurrence of leucylpeptidase. J. biol. Chem., 133, 157-172.","journal-title":"J. biol. Chem"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103549","article-title":"Studies of intestinal digestion and absorption in the human","volume":"36","author":"Borgstrom, B.; Dahlqvist, A.; Lundh, G.; Sjovall, J.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Borgstrom, B., Dahlqvist, A., Lundh, G., and Sjovall, J. (1957) Studies of intestinal digestion and absorption in the human. J. clin. Invest., 36, 1521-1536.","journal-title":"J. clin. Invest"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(65)80095-6","article-title":"Acquired disaccharide intolerance in malnutrition","volume":"66","author":"Bowie, M.D.; Brinkman, G.L.; Hansen, J.D.L.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bowie, M. D., Brinkman, G. L., and Hansen, J. D. L. (1965). Acquired disaccharide intolerance in malnutrition. J. Pediat., 66, 1083-1091.","journal-title":"J. Pediat"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"A simplified gastrointestinal biopsy capsule","author":"Carey, Jr, J.B.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Carey, J. B., Jr. (1964). A simplified gastrointestinal biopsy capsule."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"235","article-title":"Observations on protein digestion in vivo. IV. Further observations on gastrointestinal contents of rats fed different dietary proteins","volume":"76","author":"Chen, M.L.; Rogers, Q.R.; Harper, A.E.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Chen, M. L., Rogers, Q. R., and Harper, A. E. (1962). Observations on protein digestion in vivo. IV. Further observations on gastrointestinal contents of rats fed different dietary proteins. J. Nutr., 76, 235-41.","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"425","article-title":"Absorption and malabsorption of glycine and glycine peptides in man","volume":"9","author":"Craft, I.L.; Geddes, D.; Hyde, C.W.; Wise, I.J.; Matthews, D.M.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Craft, I. L., Geddes, D., Hyde, C. W., Wise, I. J., and Matthews, D. M. (1969). Absorption and malabsorption of glycine and glycine peptides in man. Gut, 9, 425-437.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.37.434.745","article-title":"Some aspects of protein digestion and absorption in health and disease","volume":"37","author":"Crane, C.W.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Crane, C. W. (1961). Some aspects of protein digestion and absorption in health and disease. Postgrad. med. J., 37, 745-754.","journal-title":"Postgrad. med. J"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19620002","article-title":"An investigation into protein digestion with \"C-labelled protein","volume":"16","author":"Dawson, R.; Holdsworth, E.S.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Dawson, R., and Holdsworth, E. S. (1962). An investigation into protein digestion with \"C-labelled protein. Brit. J. Nutr., 16, 13-38.","journal-title":"Brit. J. Nutr"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.11.1.15","article-title":"Peptide hydrolase activity of human intestinal mucosa in adult coeliac disease","volume":"11","author":"Douglas, A.P.; Peters, T.J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Douglas, A. P., and Peters, T. J. (1970). Peptide hydrolase activity of human intestinal mucosa in adult coeliac disease. Gut, 11, 15-17.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(68)90037-0","article-title":"Studies on the organisation of the brush border in intestinal cells. V. Subfractionation of enzymatic activities of the microvillous membrane","volume":"163","author":"Eichholz, A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Eichholz, A. (1968). Studies on the organisation of the brush border in intestinal cells. V. Subfractionation of enzymatic activities of the microvillous membrane. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.), 163, 101-107.","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(08)60072-4","article-title":"The malabsorption syndrome, with special reference to the effects of wheat glutein","volume":"5","author":"Frazer, A.C.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Frazer, A. C. (1962). The malabsorption syndrome, with special reference to the effects of wheat glutein. Advanc. clin. Chem., 5, 69-106.","journal-title":"Advanc. clin. Chem"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"346","article-title":"Zur Lokalisation von peptidatischen und proteolytischen Aktivitaten in isolierten Burstensiumen aus der Mucosa des Trattendiinnearmes","volume":"343","author":"Friedrich, M.; Noack, R.; Schenk, G.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Friedrich, M., Noack, R., and Schenk, G. (1965). Zur Lokalisation von peptidatischen und proteolytischen Aktivitaten in isolierten Burstensiumen aus der Mucosa des Trattendiinnearmes. Biochem. Z., 343, 346-353.","journal-title":"Biochem. Z"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105970","article-title":"Peptide hydrolase activities of the mucosa of human small intestine","volume":"48","author":"Heizer, W.D.; Laster, L.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Heizer, W. D., and Laster, L. (1969). Peptide hydrolase activities of the mucosa of human small intestine. J. clin. Invest., 48, 210-228.","journal-title":"J. clin. Invest"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1126\/science.155.3770.1670","article-title":"Disaccharidase: localisation in hamster intestinal brush borders","volume":"155","author":"Johnson, C.F.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Johnson, C. F. (1967). Disaccharidase: localisation in hamster intestinal brush borders. Science, 155, 1670-1672.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Intestinal dipeptidases","author":"Josefsson, L.; Lindberg, T.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Josefsson, L., and Lindberg, T. (1965). Intestinal dipeptidases. I.","journal-title":"I"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.21-1965","article-title":"Intestinal dipeptidases. IX. Studies on dipeptidases of human intestinal mucosa","volume":"21","author":"Josefsson, L.; Lindberg, T.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Josefsson, L.. and Lindberg, T. (1967). Intestinal dipeptidases. IX. Studies on dipeptidases of human intestinal mucosa. Acta chem. scand., 21, 1965-1966.","journal-title":"Acta chem. scand"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(67)80078-7","article-title":"Effect of wheat proteins in celiac disease","volume":"52","author":"Kowlessar, 0. D","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kowlessar, 0. D. (1967). Effect of wheat proteins in celiac disease. Gastroenterology, 52, 893-897.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-101-24873","article-title":"Nature and appearance of protein digestion products in upper mesenteric blood","volume":"101","author":"Levenson, S.M.; Rosen, H.; Upjohn, H.L.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Levenson, S. M., Rosen, H., and Upjohn, H. L. (1959). Nature and appearance of protein digestion products in upper mesenteric blood. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 101, 178-180.","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.)"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03221.x","article-title":"Intestinal dipeptidases. Dipeptidase activity in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract of the adult human","volume":"66","author":"Lindberg, T.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Lindberg, T. (1966a). Intestinal dipeptidases. Dipeptidase activity in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract of the adult human. Acta physiol. scand., 66, 437-443.","journal-title":"Acta physiol. scand"},{"issue":"285","key":"ref_21","article-title":"Studies on intestinal dipeptidases","volume":"69","author":"Lindberg, T.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Lindberg, T. (1966b). Studies on intestinal dipeptidases. Acta physiol. scand. V. 69, Suppl. 285.","journal-title":"Acta physiol. scand. V"},{"issue":"177","key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1967.tb05192.x","article-title":"Dipeptidase activity in small intestinal mucosa in patients with gluten-induced enteropathy","volume":"56","author":"Lindberg, T.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Lindberg, T. (1967). Dipeptidase activity in small intestinal mucosa in patients with gluten-induced enteropathy. Acta paediat. scand., 56, Suppl. 177, 23-24.","journal-title":"Acta paediat. scand"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/00365526809180119","article-title":"Intestinal dipeptidases. Dipeptidase activities in small intestinal biopsy specimens from a clinical material","volume":"3","author":"Lindberg, T.; Nord6n, A.; Josefsson, L.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lindberg, T., Nord6n, A., and Josefsson, L. (1968). Intestinal dipeptidases. Dipeptidase activities in small intestinal biopsy specimens from a clinical material. Scand. J. Gastroent., 3, 177-182.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroent"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"552","article-title":"The metabolism of magnesium and other inorganic cations and of nitrogen in acute kwashiorkor","volume":"31","author":"Linder, G.C.; Hansen, J.D.L.; Karabus, C.D.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Linder, G. C., Hansen, J. D. L., and Karabus, C. D. (1963). The metabolism of magnesium and other inorganic cations and of nitrogen in acute kwashiorkor. Pediatrics, 31, 552-568.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.17.2.150","article-title":"Estimation of alpha-amino nitrogen in plasma and urine by the colorimetric ninhydrin reaction","volume":"17","author":"Matthews, D.M.; Muir, G.G.; Baron, D.N.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Matthews, D. M., Muir, G. G., and Baron, D. N. (1964). Estimation of alpha-amino nitrogen in plasma and urine by the colorimetric ninhydrin reaction. J. clin. Path., 17, 150-153.","journal-title":"J. clin. Path"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"415","article-title":"Absorption of glycine and glycine peptides from the small intestine of the rat","volume":"35","author":"Matthews, D.M.; Craft, I.L.; Geddes, D.M.; Wise, I.J.; Hyde, C.W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Matthews, D. M., Craft, I. L., Geddes, D. M., Wise, I. J., and Hyde, C. W. (1968). Absorption of glycine and glycine peptides from the small intestine of the rat. Clin. Sci., 35, 415-424.","journal-title":"Clin. Sci"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"751","article-title":"Observations on the intestinal absorption of some oligopeptides of methionine and glycine in rat","volume":"37","author":"Matthews, D.M.Lis; T., M.; Cheng, B.; Crampton, R.F.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Matthews, D. M. Lis, M. T., Cheng, B., and Crampton, R. F. (1969). Observations on the intestinal absorption of some oligopeptides of methionine and glycine in rat. Clin. Sci., 37, 751-764.","journal-title":"Clin. Sci"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(61)90164-4","article-title":"Peptidase activity of biopsies of the duodenal mucosa of children with and without coeliac disease","volume":"6","author":"Messer, M.; Anderson, C.M.; Townley, R.R.W.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Messer, M., Anderson, C. M., and Townley, R. R. W. (1961). Peptidase activity of biopsies of the duodenal mucosa of children with and without coeliac disease. Clin. chim. Acta., 6, 768-775.","journal-title":"Clin. chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"293","article-title":"The digestive function of the epithelium of the small intestine. It. Localization of disaccharide hydrolysis in the isolated brush border portion of intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"52","author":"Miller, D.; Crane, R.K.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Miller, D., and Crane, R. K. (1961). The digestive function of the epithelium of the small intestine. It. Localization of disaccharide hydrolysis in the isolated brush border portion of intestinal epithelial cells. Biochim. biophys. Acta(Amst.), 52, 293-298.","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta(Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.11.5.373","article-title":"Studies on intestinal absorption of amino acids and a dipeptide in a case of Hartnup disease","volume":"11","author":"Navab, F.; Asatoor, A.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Navab, F., and Asatoor, A. M. (1970). Studies on intestinal absorption of amino acids and a dipeptide in a case of Hartnup disease. Gut, 11, 373-379.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.44.514.642","article-title":"Protein malnutrition in gastro-intestinal disease","volume":"44","author":"Neale, G.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Neale, G. (1968). Protein malnutrition in gastro-intestinal disease. Postgrad. med. J., 44, 642-645.","journal-title":"Postgrad. med. J"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006493","article-title":"Intracellular hydrolysis of dipeptides during intestinal absorption","volume":"152","author":"Newey, H.; Smyth, D.H.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Newey, H., and Smyth, D. H. (1960). Intracellular hydrolysis of dipeptides during intestinal absorption. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 152, 367-380.","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.7.4.368","article-title":"Studies of jejunal mucosal digestion of peptic-tryptic digests of wheat protein in coeliac disease","volume":"7","author":"Pittman, F.E.; Pollitt, R.J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Pittman, F. E., and Pollitt, R. J. (1966). Studies of jejunal mucosal digestion of peptic-tryptic digests of wheat protein in coeliac disease. Gut, 7, 368-371.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(67)90065-X","article-title":"Studies on the organisation of the brush border in intestinal epithelial cells. IV. Aminopeptidase activity in microvillous membranes of hamster intestinal brushborders","volume":"135","author":"Rhodes, J.B.; Eichholz, A.; Crane, R.K.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Rhodes, J. B., Eichholz, A., and Crane, R. K. (1967). Studies on the organisation of the brush border in intestinal epithelial cells. IV. Aminopeptidase activity in microvillous membranes of hamster intestinal brushborders.Biochim. biophys.Acta(Amst.), 135, 959-965.","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta(Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"35","article-title":"The hydrolysis of dipeptides by different regions of rat small intestine","volume":"77","author":"Robinson, G.B.; Shaw, B.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Robinson, G. B., and Shaw, B. (1960). The hydrolysis of dipeptides by different regions of rat small intestine. Biochem. J., 77, 35 1-356.","journal-title":"Biochem. J"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"191","article-title":"The specificity of certain peptidases","volume":"12","author":"Smith, E.L.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Smith, E. L. (1951). The specificity of certain peptidases. Advanc. Enzymol., 12, 191-257.","journal-title":"Advanc. Enzymol"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"283","article-title":"Mechanisms for amino-acid absorption","volume-title":"The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Protein Metabolism","author":"Smyth, D.H.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Smyth, D. H. (1964). Mechanisms for amino-acid absorption. In The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Protein Metabolism, edited by H. N. Munro, pp. 283-292. Blackwell, Oxford."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(65)91474-1","article-title":"Intestinal biopsy in kwashiorkor","volume":"2","author":"Stanfield, J.P.; Hutt, M.S.R.; Tunnicliffe, R.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Stanfield, J. P., Hutt, M. S. R., and Tunnicliffe, R. (1965). Intestinal biopsy in kwashiorkor. Lancet, 2, 519-523.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.12.4.276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T09:05:00Z","timestamp":1765616700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.12.4.276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1971,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.12.4.276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.12.4.276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1971,4]]}}}