{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:41:58Z","timestamp":1791981718959,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Reassessment of the `gastric bactericidal barrier' to enteric bacteria in man included studies of the bactericidal activity of (1) the normal and achlorhydric stomach\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and (2) normal and achlorhydric gastric juice and other media\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Within 30 minutes virtually all bacteria (\n                    <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were eliminated in the normal stomach whereas no reduction occurred in the achlorhydric stomach in one hour.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , identical bactericidal activity was observed at the same\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    H (from 2\u00b70 to 7\u00b70) in normal gastric juice, achlorhydric gastric juice, aqueous HCl, and nutrient broth. At\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    H less than 4\u00b70, 99\u00b79% of the bacteria were killed within 30 minutes. The presence of profuse bacterial flora, including coliforms, found in markedly acid-deficient but not in normal stomachs, correlates well with the absence of bactericidal activity. Thus, the `gastric bactericidal barrier' is primarily\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    H-hydrochloric acid dependent, with other constituents of gastric juice contributing little, if any, detectable effect on the destruction of microorganisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.13.4.251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"251-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":377,"title":["Gastric acid barrier to ingested microorganisms in man: studies\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Giannella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Broitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Zamcheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1927.02690100051014","article-title":"Host susceptibility to typhoid, dysentery, food poisoning and diarrhea","volume":"89","author":"Arnold, L.","year":"1927","unstructured":"Arnold, L. (1927). Host susceptibility to typhoid, dysentery, food poisoning and diarrhea. J. Amer. med. Ass., 89, 789-791.","journal-title":"J. Amer. med. Ass"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"672","article-title":"The gastro-duodenal bactericidal mechanism","volume":"6","author":"Arnold, L.; Brody, L.","year":"1926","unstructured":"Arnold, L., and Brody, L. (1926). The gastro-duodenal bactericidal mechanism. Amer. J. 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Sci"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"123","article-title":"Achlorhydria and dysentery: observations on test-meals of 100 post-dysenteric cases","volume":"83","author":"Camps, F.E.","year":"1933","unstructured":"Camps, F. E. (1933). Achlorhydria and dysentery: observations on test-meals of 100 post-dysenteric cases. Guy's Hosp. Rep., 83, 123-128.","journal-title":"Guy's Hosp. Rep"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/54.2.204","article-title":"Bacterial activity in different levels of the intestine","volume":"54","author":"Dack, G.M.; Petran, E.","year":"1934","unstructured":"Dack, G. M., and Petran, E. (1934). Bacterial activity in different levels of the intestine. J. infect. Dis., 54, 204-220.","journal-title":"J. infect. 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