{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:50:19Z","timestamp":1770155419658,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The function of human purified colostral and gastrointestinal IgA has been studied by its ability to agglutinate common gastrointestinal organisms. Agglutinating activity was unaffected by trypsin or acid but it was abolished rapidly by pepsin. Both colostral and gastrointestinal IgA agglutinated a wide range of enteric organisms. Variations in this activity occurred between different individuals, and between different gastrointestinal sites in the same individual.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In preliminary studies, saliva and IgA prepared from gastric and jejunal secretions in patients with pernicious anaemia showed a more uniform agglutination pattern than IgA prepared from the same sites in other patients. The agglutinin activity of IgA prepared from a particular site may be determined by the bacterial flora at that site.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Agglutination methods for assessing the function of gastrointestinal antibody may be of value in the study of the possible roles of antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.13.6.450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"450-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Bacterial agglutination studies with secretory IgA prepared from human gastrointestinal secretions and colostrum"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"D. B. L.","family":"McClelland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. R.","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. J. C.","family":"Shearman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Serological properties of Gamma A antibodies to Escherichia coli present in human colostrum","volume":"10","author":"Adinolphi, M.; Glynn, A.A.; Lindsay, M.; Milne, C.M.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Adinolphi, M., Glynn, A. A., Lindsay, M., and Milne, C. M. (1966). Serological properties of Gamma A antibodies to Escherichia coli present in human colostrum. Immunology, 10, 517-526.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"400","key":"ref_2","article-title":"Correlative study of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and intrinsic factor in newborns and infants","volume":"14","author":"Agunod, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Lopez, R.; Luhby, A.L.; JerzyGlass, G.B.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Agunod, M.,Yamaguchi, N., Lopez, R., Luhby, A. L., and JerzyGlass, G. B. (1969). Correlative study of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and intrinsic factor in newborns and infants. Amer. J. dig. Dis., 14,400.414.","journal-title":"Amer. J. dig. Dis"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1198","article-title":"Impaired IgA responses in coeliac disease","volume":"2","author":"Beale, A.J.; Parish, W.E.; Douglas, A.P.; Hobbs, J.R.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Beale, A. J., Parish, W. E., Douglas, A. P., and Hobbs, J. R. (1971). Impaired IgA responses in coeliac disease. Lancet, 2, 1198-1200.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"370380","key":"ref_4","article-title":"Studies on human intestinal immunoglobulin A","volume":"60","author":"Bull, D.M.; J., Bienenstock; Tomasi, T.B.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bull, D. M., Bienenstock J., and Tomasi, T. B. (1971). Studies on human intestinal immunoglobulin A. Gastroenterology, 60,370380.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/82.3.231","article-title":"Studies on immunity to Asiatic cholera","volume":"82","author":"Burrows, W.; Havens, I.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Burrows, W., and Havens, I. (1948). Studies on immunity to Asiatic cholera. J. infect. Dis., 82, 231-250.","journal-title":"J. infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","volume-title":"Mackie and McCartney's Handbook of Bacteriology","author":"Cruickshank, R.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Cruickshank, R. Editor (1965). Mackie and McCartney's Handbook of Bacteriology, 11th ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh.","edition":"11th ed"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)16832-7","article-title":"An investigation into the serological properties of dysentery stools","volume":"2","author":"Davies, A.","year":"1922","unstructured":"Davies, A. (1922). An investigation into the serological properties of dysentery stools. Lancet, 2, 1009-1012.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"359","article-title":"Bacterial changes in the small intestine in malabsorptive states and in pernicious anaemia","volume":"26","author":"Dellipiani, A.W.; Girdwood, R.H.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Dellipiani, A. W., and Girdwood, R. H. (1964). Bacterial changes in the small intestine in malabsorptive states and in pernicious anaemia. Clin. Sci., 26, 359-374.","journal-title":"Clin. Sci"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33750-3","article-title":"Immunochemical studies of the serum, intestinal secretions and intestinal mucosa in patients with adult celiac disease and other forms of the celiac syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Douglas, A.P.; Crabbe, P.A.; Hobbs, J.R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Douglas, A. P., Crabbe, P. A., and Hobbs, J. R. (1970). Immunochemical studies of the serum, intestinal secretions and intestinal mucosa in patients with adult celiac disease and other forms of the celiac syndrome. Gastroenterology, 59, 414-425.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"The isclation and biologic activities of purified secretory IgA and IgG","author":"Eddie, D.S.; Schulkind, M.L.; Robbins, J.B.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Eddie, D. S., Schulkind, M. L., and Robbins, J. B. (1971). The isclation and biologic activities of purified secretory IgA and IgG"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Identification of Enterobacteriacae","author":"Edwards, P.R.; Ewing, W.H.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Edwards, P. R., and Ewing, W. H. (1968). Identification of Enterobacteriacae, 2nd ed. Burgess, Minneapolis.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.94.1.84","article-title":"Quantitative determination ofserum immunoglobulins in antibody-agar plates","volume":"94","author":"Fahey, J.L.; McKelvey, E.M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Fahey, J. L., and McKelvey, E. M. (1965). Quantitative determination ofserum immunoglobulins in antibody-agar plates. J. Immunol., 94, 84-90.","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.8.6.574","article-title":"Influence of gastric pH on gastric and jejunal flora","volume":"8","author":"Gray, J.D.A.; Shiner, M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gray, J. D. A., and Shiner, M. (1967). Influence of gastric pH on gastric and jejunal flora. Gut, 8, 574-581.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(63)90527-7","article-title":"The effect of oral neomycin on the conversion of cholic acid to deoxycholic in man","volume":"101","author":"Hamilton, J.G.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hamilton, J. G. (1963). The effect of oral neomycin on the conversion of cholic acid to deoxycholic in man. Arch. Biochem., 101, 7-13.","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"173","article-title":"Descending thin layer chromatography (TLC) for assay of whole bile","volume":"23","author":"Kelly, R.L.; Doisy, Jr, E.A.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kelly, R. L., and Doisy, E. A., Jr. (1964).Descending thin layer chromatography (TLC) for assay of whole bile. Fed. Proc., 23, 173.","journal-title":"Fed. Proc"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.39.2.202","article-title":"Bacterial and viral coproantibodies in breast-fed infants","volume":"39","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kenny, J. F., Boesman, M. I., and Michaels, R. 0. (1967). Bacterial and viral coproantibodies in breast-fed infants. Pediatrics, 39, 202-213.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(71)80055-0","article-title":"Quantitation of immunoglobulins iii gastric juice by electroimmunodiffusion","volume":"60","author":"McClelland, D.B.L.; Finlayson, N.D.C.; Samson, R.R.; Nairn, I.M.; Shearman, D.J.C.","year":"1971","unstructured":"McClelland, D. B. L., Finlayson, N. D. C., Samson, R. R., Nairn, I. M., and Shearman, D. J. C. (1971). Quantitation of immunoglobulins iii gastric juice by electroimmunodiffusion. Gastroenterology, 60, 509-514.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_18","author":"Newcomb, R.W.; Normansell, D.; Stanworth, D.R.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Newcomb, R. W., Normansell, D., and Stanworth, D. R. (1968)."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.102.6.1423","article-title":"Distribution of poliovirus antibody in serum, nasopharynx and alimentary tract following segmental immunization of lower alimentary tract with poliovaccine","volume":"102","author":"Ogra, P.L.; Karzon, D.T.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Ogra, P. L., and Karzon, D. T. (1969). Distribution of poliovirus antibody in serum, nasopharynx and alimentary tract following segmental immunization of lower alimentary tract with poliovaccine. J. Immunol, 102, 1423-1430.","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196810242791701","article-title":"Immunoglobulin responses in serum and secretions after immunisation with live and inactivated polio vaccine and natural infection","volume":"279","author":"Ogra, P.L.; Karzon, D.T.; Righthand, F.; MacGillivray, M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ogra, P. L., Karzon, D. T., Righthand, F., and MacGillivray, M. (1968). Immunoglobulin responses in serum and secretions after immunisation with live and inactivated polio vaccine and natural infection. New Engl. J. Med., 279, 893-900.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.13.3.182","article-title":"Intestinal bacterial flora and bile salt studies in hypogammaglobulinaemia","volume":"13","author":"Parkin, D.M.; McClelland, D.B.L.; O'Moore, R.R.; Percy-Robb, I.W.; Grant, I.W.B.; Shearman, D.J.C.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Parkin, D. M., McClelland, D. B. L., O'Moore, R. R., Percy-Robb, I. W., Grant, I. W. B., and Shearman, D. J. C. (1972). Intestinal bacterial flora and bile salt studies in hypogammaglobulinaemia. Gut, 13, 182-188.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1959.tb14523.x","article-title":"Effect of digestive enzymes on bound vitamin B,2","volume":"165","author":"Reizenstein, P.G.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Reizenstein, P. G. (1959). Effect of digestive enzymes on bound vitamin B,2. Acta med. scand., 165, 481-486.","journal-title":"Acta med. scand"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"105","article-title":"Antipoliomyelitic activity of human and bovine colostrum and milk","volume":"29","author":"Sabin, A.B.; Fieldsteel, A.H.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Sabin, A. B., and Fieldsteel, A. H. (1962). Antipoliomyelitic activity of human and bovine colostrum and milk. Pediatrics, 29, 105-115.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000228215","article-title":"Une micro-m6thode de l'immuno6lectrophor6se","volume":"7","author":"Scheidegger, J.J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Scheidegger, J. J. (1955). Une micro-m6thode de l'immuno6lectrophor6se. Int. Arch. Allergy, 7, 103-110.","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/222787a0","article-title":"Self protective activity of colostral IgA against tryptic digestion","volume":"222","author":"Shim, B.S.; Kang, Y.S.; Kim, W.J.; Cho, S.H.; Lee, D.B.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Shim, B. S., Kang, Y. S., Kim, W. J., Cho, S. H., and Lee, D. B. (1969). Self protective activity of colostral IgA against tryptic digestion. Nature (Lond.), 222, 787-788.","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345690480053801","article-title":"A study of some factors influencing phagocytosis of cariogenic streptococci by caries-free andcaries-active individuals","volume":"48","author":"Shklair, I.L.; Rovelstad, G.H.; Lamberts, B.L.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Shklair, I. L., Rovelstad, G. H., and Lamberts, B. L. (1969). A study of some factors influencing phagocytosis of cariogenic streptococci by caries-free andcaries-active individuals. J. dent. Res., 48, 842-845.","journal-title":"J. dent. Res"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(71)90503-9","article-title":"Pepsin hydrolysis of IgA-delineation of two populations of molecules","volume":"8","author":"Shuster, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Shuster, J. (1971). Pepsin hydrolysis of IgA-delineation of two populations of molecules. Immunochemistry, 8, 405-411.","journal-title":"Immunochemistry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(71)90224-8","article-title":"Resistance of rabbit secretory IgA to proteolysis","volume":"236","author":"Steward, M.W.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Steward, M. W. (1971). Resistance of rabbit secretory IgA to proteolysis. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.), 236, 440-449.","journal-title":"Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/124.2.223","article-title":"Antibacterial action of specific IgA and transport of IgM, IgA, and IgG from serum into the small intestine","volume":"124","author":"Wernet, P.; Breu, H.; Knop, J.; Rowley, D.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Wernet, P., Breu, H., Knop, J., and Rowley, D. (1971). Antibacterial action of specific IgA and transport of IgM, IgA, and IgG from serum into the small intestine. J. infect. Dis., 124, 223-226.","journal-title":"J. infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91836-8","article-title":"Does breast milk protect against septicaemia in the newborn?","volume":"2","author":"Winberg, J.; Wessner, G.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Winberg, J., and Wessner, G. (1971). Does breast milk protect against septicaemia in the newborn? Lancet, 2, 1091-1094.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.13.6.450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T20:55:02Z","timestamp":1757278502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.13.6.450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.13.6.450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.13.6.450","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,6]]}}}