{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:35:13Z","timestamp":1771054513927,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/gut.15.10.814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"814-821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer and other diseases."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Kew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1974,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60523-0","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in ontogenesis and its association with malignant tumours","volume":"14","author":"Abelev, G.I.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Abelev, G. I. (1971). Alpha-fetoprotein in ontogenesis and its association with malignant tumours. Advanc. Cancer Res., 14, 295-358.","journal-title":"Advanc. Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Study of the antigenic structure of tumours. Acta Un","volume":"19","author":"Abelev, G.I.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Abelev, G. I. (1963). Study of the antigenic structure of tumours. Acta Un. int. Cancr., 19, 80-82.","journal-title":"Cancr"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196301020-00004","article-title":"Production of embryonal alpha-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas","volume":"1","author":"Abelev, G.I.; Perova, S.D.; Khramkova, N.I.; Postnikova, Z.A.; Irlin, I.S.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Abelev, G. I., Perova, S. D., Khramkova, N. I., Postnikova, Z. A., and Irlin, I. S. (1963). Production of embryonal alpha-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas. Transplantation, 1, 174-180.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"90","article-title":"Detection of embryo-specific alpha-globulin in the blood sera of patients with primary liver tumour","volume":"10","author":"Tatarinov, Y.S.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Tatarinov, Y. S. (1964). Detection of embryo-specific alpha-globulin in the blood sera of patients with primary liver tumour. Vop. med. Khim., 10, 90-91.","journal-title":"Vop. med. Khim"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"344","article-title":"Content ofembryo-specific alpha-globulin in fetal and neonatalseraandserafromadult humans with primary carcinoma of the liver","volume":"25","author":"Tatarinov, Y.S.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Tatarinov, Y. S. (1966). Content ofembryo-specific alpha-globulin in fetal and neonatalseraandserafromadult humans with primary carcinoma of the liver. Fed. Proc. (Trans. Suppl.), 25, 344-346.","journal-title":"Fed. Proc. (Trans"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910020517","article-title":"Embryonal serum alpha-globulin in cancer patients: diagnostic value","volume":"2","author":"Abelev, G.I.; Assecritova, I.V.; Kraevsky, N.A.; Perova, S.D.; Perevodchikova, N.I.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Abelev, G. I., Assecritova, I. V., Kraevsky, N. A., Perova, S. D., and Perevodchikova, N. I. (1967). Embryonal serum alpha-globulin in cancer patients: diagnostic value. Int. J. Cancer, 2, 551-558.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Le diagnostic du cancer primaire du foie par des m6thodes immunologiques","volume":"76","author":"Uriel, J.; de Nechaud, B.; Stanislawski-Birencwajg, M.; Masseyeff, R.; Leblanc, L.; Qu6nem, C.; Loisillier, F.; Grabar, P.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Uriel, J., de Nechaud, B., Stanislawski-Birencwajg, M., Masseyeff, R., Leblanc, L., Qu6nem, C., Loisillier, F., and Grabar, P. (1968). Le diagnostic du cancer primaire du foie par des m6thodes immunologiques. Presse med., 76, 1415-1417.","journal-title":"Presse med"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"537","article-title":"Valeur de la recherche de l'alpha'-foeto-prot6ine s6rique pour le diagnostic du cancer primitif du foie","volume":"13","author":"Masseyeff, R.; Sankal6, M.; Onde, M.; Menye, A.; Camain, R.; Qu6num, C.; Maydat, L.; Mattern, P.; Ancelle, J.P.; Leblanc, L.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Masseyeff, R., Sankal6, M., Onde, M., Menye, A., Camain, R., Qu6num, C., Maydat, L., Mattern, P., Ancelle, J. P., and Leblanc, L. (1968). Valeur de la recherche de l'alpha'-foeto-prot6ine s6rique pour le diagnostic du cancer primitif du foie. Bull. Soc. mid. Afr. noire, LanguefranC., 13, 537-548.","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. mid. Afr. noire, LanguefranC"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)92490-2","article-title":"Foetoglobin and primary liver cancer","volume":"2","author":"Smith, J.B.; Todd, D.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Smith, J. B., and Todd, D. (1968). Foetoglobin and primary liver cancer. Lancet, 2, 833.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Alphal-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of human hepatoma","author":"Alpert, M.E.; Uriel, J.; de Nechaud, B.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Alpert, M. E., Uriel, J., and de Nechaud, B. (1968). Alphal-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of human hepatoma."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Serum a1-fetoprotein in patients with liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Foli, A.; Sherlock, S.; Adinolf, M.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Foli, A., Sherlock, S., and Adinolf, M. (1969). Serum a1-fetoprotein in patients with liver disease. Lancet, 2, 1267-1269.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197005)25:5<1091::AID-CNCR2820250514>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"A collaborative study for the evaluation of a seriologic test for primary liver cancer","volume":"25","author":"O'Connor, G.T.; Tatarinov, Y.S.Abelev; I., G.; Uriel, J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"O'Connor, G. T., Tatarinov, Y. S. Abelev, G. I., and Uriel, J. (1970). A collaborative study for the evaluation of a seriologic test for primary liver cancer. Cancer (Philad.), 25, 1091-1098.","journal-title":"Cancer (Philad.)"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197006)25:6<1261::AID-CNCR2820250603>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotein and primary cancer of the liver in man","volume":"25","author":"Purves, L.R.; Bersohn, I.; Geddes, E.W.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Purves, L. R., Bersohn, I., and Geddes, E. W. (1970). Serum alpha-fetoprotein and primary cancer of the liver in man. Cancer (Philad.), 25, 1261-1270.","journal-title":"Cancer (Philad.)"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"779","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotein in the U. S","volume":"1","author":"Hull, E.W.; Carbone, P.P.; Moertel, C.G.; O'Connor, G.T.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hull, E. W., Carbone, P. P., Moertel, C. G., and O'Connor, G. T. (1970). Serum alpha-fetoprotein in the U.S.A. Lancet, 1, 779-780.","journal-title":"A. Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotien in Indonesia","volume":"1","author":"Kresno, S.B.; Gandasoebrata, R.; Rumke, P.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kresno, S. B., Gandasoebrata, R., and Rumke, P. (1970). Serum alpha-fetoprotien in Indonesia. Lancet, 1, 1178.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910060308","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotein and variant alkaline phosphatase in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Portugal, M.; Azevedo, M.S.; Manso, C.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Portugal, M., Azevedo, M. S., and Manso, C. (1970). Serum alpha-fetoprotein and variant alkaline phosphatase in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 6, 383-387.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197208)30:2<435::AID-CNCR2820300221>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoglobulin and primary cancer of the liver in Taiwan","volume":"30","author":"Lin, T.Y.; Chu, S.H.; Chen, M.F.; Chen, C.H.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lin, T. Y., Chu, S. H., Chen, M. F., and Chen, C. H. (1972). Serum alpha-fetoglobulin and primary cancer of the liver in Taiwan. Cancer (Philad.), 30, 435-443.","journal-title":"Cancer (Philad.)"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910030306","article-title":"Occurrence of a-fetoprotein in patients with neoplasms and non-neoplastic diseases","volume":"3","author":"Masopust, J.; Kithier, K.; RadI, J.; Koutecky, J.; Kotil, L.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Masopust, J., Kithier, K., RadI, J., Koutecky, J., and Kotil, L. (1968). Occurrence of a-fetoprotein in patients with neoplasms and non-neoplastic diseases. Int. J. Cancer, 3, 364-373.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Alpha-foetoproteine et cancer secondaire du foie","volume":"78","author":"Geffroy, Y.; Metayer, P.; Denis, P.; Philippe, J.; Matray, F.; Sauger, F.; Laumonier, R.; Duval, C.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Geffroy, Y., Metayer, P., Denis, P., Philippe, J., Matray, F., Sauger, F., Laumonier, R., and Duval, C. (1970). Alpha-foetoproteine et cancer secondaire du foie. (Letter) Presse mid., 78, 1896.","journal-title":"(Letter) Presse mid"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Existence d'alpha-foeto-prot6ine au cours d'un cancer secondaire du foie d'origine gastrique","volume":"78","author":"Bourreille, J.; Metayer, P.; Sauger, F.; Matray, F.; Fondimare, A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bourreille, J., Metayer, P., Sauger, F., Matray, F., and Fondimare, A. (1970). Existence d'alpha-foeto-prot6ine au cours d'un cancer secondaire du foie d'origine gastrique. Presse med., 78, 1277-1278.","journal-title":"Presse med"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197111042851905","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in a patient with gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver","volume":"285","author":"Alport, E.; Pinn, V.W.; Isselbacher, K.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"'Alport, E., Pinn, V. W., and Isselbacher, K. J. (1971). Alpha-fetoprotein in a patient with gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver. New Engl. J. Med., 285, 1058-1059.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197111042851906","article-title":"Positive alpha-fetoglobulin in a case of gastric carcinoma","volume":"285","author":"Kozower, M.; Fawaz, K.A.; Miller, H.M.; Kaplan, M.M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kozower, M., Fawaz, K. A., Miller, H. M., and Kaplan, M. M. (1971). Positive alpha-fetoglobulin in a case of gastric carcinoma. New Engl. J. Med., 285, 1059-1060.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197111042851907","article-title":"Serum alpha,-fetoglobulin with gastric and prostatic carcinomas","volume":"285","author":"Mehlman, D.J.; Bulkley, B.H.; Wiernik, P.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Mehlman, D. J., Bulkley, B. H., and Wiernik, P. H. (1971). Serum alpha,-fetoglobulin with gastric and prostatic carcinomas. New Engl. J. Med., 285, 1060-1061.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1585","article-title":"Presence de l'alphal-foeto-prot6ine serique dans quatre cas de cancers digestifs primitifs autres que l'h6patome","volume":"79","author":"Bernades, M.; Smadja, M.; Rueff, B.; Bonnefond, A.; Tursz, J.; Martin, E.; Bognel, C.; Barge, J.; Uriel, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bernades, M., Smadja, M., Rueff, B., Bonnefond, A., Tursz, J., Martin, E., Bognel, C., Barge, J., and Uriel, J. (1971). Presence de l'alphal-foeto-prot6ine serique dans quatre cas de cancers digestifs primitifs autres que l'h6patome. Presse mid., 79, 1585-1587.","journal-title":"Presse mid"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1595","article-title":"Apropos de l'existence de l'alphaL-foeto-prot6ine en dehors de l'h6patome","volume":"79","author":"Andrieu, J.; Breart, G.; Rodier, B.; Robert, P.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Andrieu, J., Breart, G., Rodier, B., and Robert, P. E. (1971). Apropos de l'existence de l'alphaL-foeto-prot6ine en dehors de l'h6patome. Presse med., 79, 1595-1596.","journal-title":"Presse med"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-2-322_2","article-title":"Fetoprotein from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"77","author":"Spragins, J.; Hall, W.H.; White, H.J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Spragins, J., Hall, W. H., and White, H. J. (1972). Fetoprotein from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (Letter) Ann. intern, Med., 77, 322-323.","journal-title":"(Letter) Ann. intern, Med"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197211232872129","article-title":"Alpha,-fetoprotein in carcinoid","volume":"287","author":"Zilkovsky, V.; Korda6, V.; Obrovska, D.; Masopust, J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Zilkovsky, V., Korda6, V., Obrovska, D., and Masopust, J. (1972). Alpha,-fetoprotein in carcinoid. (Letter) New Engl. J. Med., 287, 1102-1103.","journal-title":"(Letter) New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5822.351-c","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein and gastric carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Castleden, C.M.; Davies, J.D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Castleden, C. M., and Davies, J. D. (1972). Alpha-fetoprotein and gastric carcinoma. Brit. med. J., 3, 351-352.","journal-title":"Brit. med. J"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02231214","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoglobulin in a patient with hepatic metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Corlin, R.F.; Tompkins, R.K.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Corlin, R. F., and Tompkins, R. K. (1972). Serum alpha-fetoglobulin in a patient with hepatic metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma. Amer. J. dig. Dis., 17, 553-555.","journal-title":"Amer. J. dig. Dis"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"461","article-title":"Alpha,-fetoprotein in human hepatoma","volume":"17","author":"Alpert, M.E.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Alpert, M. E. (1969). Alpha,-fetoprotein in human hepatoma. (Abstr.) Clin. Res., 17, 461.","journal-title":"(Abstr.) Clin. Res"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)91768-X","article-title":"Influence of age on alpha-fetoprotein incidence","volume":"1","author":"Mawas, C.; Buffe, D.; Burtin, P.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mawas, C., Buffe, D., and Burtin, P. (1970). Influence of age on alpha-fetoprotein incidence. Lancet, 1, 1292.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)92622-X","article-title":"Age distribution of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Bagshawe, A.; Parker, A.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bagshawe, A., and Parker, A. M. (1970). Age distribution of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet, 2, 268.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33609-1","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in human hepatoma: improved detection in serum, and quantitative studies using a new sensitive technique","volume":"61","author":"Alpert, E.; Hershberg, R.; Schur, P.H.; Isselbacher, K.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Alpert, E., Hershberg, R., Schur, P. H., and Isselbacher, K. J. (1971). Alpha-fetoprotein in human hepatoma: improved detection in serum, and quantitative studies using a new sensitive technique. Gastroenterology, 61, 137-143.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"3","article-title":"Factors influencing alpha-fetoprotein biosynthesis in patients with primary liver cancer and other diseases. Gann Monogr","volume":"14","author":"Masseyeff, R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Masseyeff, R. (1973). Factors influencing alpha-fetoprotein biosynthesis in patients with primary liver cancer and other diseases. Gann Monogr. Cancer Res., 14, 3-18.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/240240a0","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in rats with hepatomas induced by aflatoxin B1","volume":"240","author":"Kroes, R.M.; Sontag, J.M.; Weisburger, J.H.; Newberne, P.M.; Wogan, G.N.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kroes, R. M., Sontag, J. M., Weisburger, J. H., Newberne, P. M., and Wogan, G. N. (1972). Alpha-fetoprotein in rats with hepatomas induced by aflatoxin B1. Nature (Lond.), 240, 240-241.","journal-title":"Nature (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"621","article-title":"Hepatitis-associated antigen in Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Vogel, C.L.; Anthony, P.P.; Mody, N.; Barker, L.F.","year":"1970","unstructured":"\"Vogel, C. L., Anthony, P. P., Mody, N., and Barker, L. F. (1970). Hepatitis-associated antigen in Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet, 2, 621-624.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"412","article-title":"Detection of HAA in the serum of patients with primary carcinoma of the liver","volume":"123","author":"Masseyeff, R.; Prince, A.M.; Leblanc, L.; Szmuness, W.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Masseyeff, R., Prince, A. M., Leblanc, L., and Szmuness, W. (1972). Detection of HAA in the serum of patients with primary carcinoma of the liver. Amer. J. Dis. Child., 123, 412-413.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Dis. Child"},{"key":"ref_38","article-title":"Hepatitis-B antigen and cirrhosis in Bantu patients with primary liver cancer","author":"Kew, M.C.; Geddes, E.W.; MacNab, G.M.; Bersohn, I.","year":"1974","unstructured":"\"Kew, M. C., Geddes, E. W., MacNab, G. M., and Bersohn, I. (1974). Hepatitis-B antigen and cirrhosis in Bantu patients with primary liver cancer. Cancer (Philad.), in press."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"185","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein and the morphology of hepatoma in man","volume":"14","author":"Sakurai, M.; Kiyaji, T.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sakurai, M., and Kiyaji, T. (1973). Alpha-fetoprotein and the morphology of hepatoma in man. Gann Monogr. Cancer Res., 14, 185-191.","journal-title":"Gann Monogr. Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"89","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"14","author":"Ishii, M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Ishii, M. (1973). Radioimmunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein. Gann Monogr. Cancer Res., 14, 89-98.","journal-title":"Gann Monogr. Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1941","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotein as a biochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"McIntire, K.R.; Vogel, C.L.; Princler, G.L.; Patel, I.R.","year":"1972","unstructured":"McIntire, K. R., Vogel, C. L., Princler, G. L., and Patel, I. R. (1972). Serum alpha-fetoprotein as a biochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res., 32, 1941-1946.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"173","article-title":"Primary liver cancer in man as a possible short duration seasonal cancer","volume":"69","author":"Purves, L.R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Purves, L. R. (1973). Primary liver cancer in man as a possible short duration seasonal cancer. S. Afr. J. Sci., 69, 173-178.","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sci"},{"key":"ref_43","article-title":"Alpha,-fetoprotein: Serologic marker of human hepatoma and embryonal carcinoma","author":"Alpert, M.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Alpert, M. E. (1972). Alpha,-fetoprotein: Serologic marker of human hepatoma and embryonal carcinoma."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Immunodiffusion and immunc-issay results in cases of primary cancer of the liver","volume":"42","author":"Purves, L.R.; MacNab, M.; Bersohn, I.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Purves, L. R., MacNab, M., and Bersohn, I. (1968). Serum alpha-feto-protein. I. Immunodiffusion and immunc-issay results in cases of primary cancer of the liver. S. Aft. med. J., 42, 1138-1141.","journal-title":"S. Aft. med. J"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910080304","article-title":"Studies of carcino-fetal proteins. III. Development of a radioimmunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein. Demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein in serum of healthy human adults","volume":"8","author":"Ruoslahti, E.; Seppala, M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ruoslahti, E., and Seppala, M. (1971). Studies of carcino-fetal proteins. III. Development of a radioimmunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein. Demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein in serum of healthy human adults. Int. J. Cancer, 8, 374-383.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197303)31:3<578::AID-CNCR2820310313>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Serum alpha-feto-protein. VII. The range of apparent serum values in normal p:ople, pregnant women, and primary liver cancer high risk populations","volume":"31","author":"Purves, L.R.; Branch, W.R.; Geddes, E.W.; Manso, C.; Portugal, M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Purves, L. R., Branch, W. R., Geddes, E. W., Manso, C., and Portugal, M. (1973). Serum alpha-feto-protein. VII. The range of apparent serum values in normal p:ople, pregnant women, and primary liver cancer high risk populations. Cancer (Philad.), 31, 578-587.","journal-title":"Cancer (Philad.)"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1990","article-title":"Association of embryonic antigens with experimentally induced lesions in the rat","volume":"27","author":"Stanislawski-Birencwajg, M.; Uriel; Grabar, P.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Stanislawski-Birencwajg, M., Uriel, and Grabar, P. (1967). Association of embryonic antigens with experimentally induced lesions in the rat. Cancer Res., 27, 1990-1997.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"613","article-title":"Early appearance of serum alpha-fetoprotein as a fun tion of dosage of various hepatocarcinogens","volume":"33","author":"Kroes, R.; Williams, G.M.; Weisburger, J.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kroes, R., Williams, G. M., and Weisburger, J. H. (1973). Early appearance of serum alpha-fetoprotein as a fun tion of dosage of various hepatocarcinogens. Cancer Res., 33, 613-617.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910080309","article-title":"Occurrence of alpha-fetoprotein in acute viral hepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Smith, J.B.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Smith, J. B. (1971). Occurrence of alpha-fetoprotein in acute viral hepatitis. Int. J. Cancer, 8, 421-424.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197211092871923","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in acute viral hepatitis","volume":"287","author":"OAkeyama, T.; Koyama, T.; Kamada, T.","year":"1972","unstructured":"OAkeyama, T., Koyama, T., and Kamada, T. (1972). Alpha-fetoprotein in acute viral hepatitis. (Letter) New Engl. J. Med., 287, 989.","journal-title":"(Letter) New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_51","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in acute viral hepatitis","author":"Kew, M.C.; Purves, L.R.; Bersohn, I.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kew, M. C., Purves, L. R., and Bersohn, I. (1973). Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in acute viral hepatitis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91711-4","article-title":"Normal and increased alpha-fetoprotein in neoplastic and nonneoplastic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Ruoslahti, E.; SeppalA, M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ruoslahti, E., and SeppalA, M. (1972). Normal and increased alpha-fetoprotein in neoplastic and nonneoplastic liver disease. Lancet, 2, 278-279.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"68","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in Indian childhood cirrhosis","volume":"1","author":"Nayak, N.C.; Malaviya, A.N.; Chawla, V.; Chandra, R.K.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Nayak, N. C., Malaviya, A. N., Chawla, V., and Chandra, R. K. (1972). Alpha-fetoprotein in Indian childhood cirrhosis. Lancet, 1, 68-69.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92717-1","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia","volume":"2","author":"Waldmann, T.A.; McIntire, K.R.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Waldmann, T. A., and McIntire, K. R. (1972). Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. Lancet, 2, 1112-1115.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"117","article-title":"Fetoproteins and children's tumours","volume":"14","author":"Buffe, D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Buffe, D. (1973). Fetoproteins and children's tumours. Gann Monogr. Cancer Res. 14, 117-128.","journal-title":"Gann Monogr. Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(72)90392-0","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in infantile diseases","volume":"42","author":"Kang, K.Y.; Higashino, K.; Takahashi, T.; Hasinotsuma, M.; Yamamura, Y.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kang, K. Y., Higashino, K., Takahashi, T., Hasinotsuma, M., and Yamamura, Y. (1972). Alpha-fetoprotein in infantile diseases. Clin. chim. Acta, 42, 175-180.","journal-title":"Clin. chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.2.157","article-title":"Hepatitis antijen and alpha-fetoprotein in neonatal hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Chandra, R.K.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chandra, R. K. (1973). Hepatitis antijen and alpha-fetoprotein in neonatal hepatitis. Arch. Dis. Child., 48, 157-158.","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"373","article-title":"Differentiation between neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia by measuring serum alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"1","author":"Zeltzer, P.M.; Neerhout, R.C.; Fonkaisrud, E.W.; Stiehm, E.R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Zeltzer, P. M., Neerhout, R. C., Fonkaisrud, E. W., and Stiehm, E. R. (1974). Differentiation between neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia by measuring serum alpha-fetoprotein. Lancet, 1, 373-375.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_59","first-page":"75","article-title":"Assessment of the use of highly sensitive methods of determining alphafetoprotein for the diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer and teratoblastoma","volume":"71","author":"Abelev, G.I.; Tsvetkov, V.S.; Biryulina, T.I.; Elgorn, D.A.; Olovnikov, A.M.; Gusev, A.I.; Yazova, A.K.; Perova, S.D.; Rubtsov, I.V.; Shaborina, S.V.; Kantorovich, B.A.; Tur, V.M.; Khazanov, A.I.; Levina, D.M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Abelev, G. I., Tsvetkov, V. S., Biryulina, T. I., Elgorn, D. A., Olovnikov, A. M., Gusev, A. I., Yazova, A. K., Perova, S. D., Rubtsov, I. V., Shaborina, S. V., Kantorovich, B. A., Tur, V. M., Khazanov, A. I., and Levina, D. M. (1971). Assessment of the use of highly sensitive methods of determining alphafetoprotein for the diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer and teratoblastoma. (Russian) Byt#ll. eksp. Biol. Med., 71(4), 75-81.","journal-title":"(Russian) Byt#ll. eksp. Biol. Med"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Production of embryonal serum alpha-globulin by hepatomas: review of experimental and clinical data","volume":"28","author":"Abelev, G.I.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Abelev, G. I. (1968). Production of embryonal serum alpha-globulin by hepatomas: review of experimental and clinical data. Cancer Res., 28, 1344-1350.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"779","article-title":"Recherche immunologique de l'alphal-fo6to-prot6ine ou f6tuine dans les tumeurs primitives du foie et les t6ratomes malins de l'enfant","volume":"26","author":"Mawas, C.; Buffe, D.; Lemerle, J.; Schweisguth, O.; Burtin, P.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Mawas, C., Buffe, D., Lemerle, J., Schweisguth, O., and Burtin, P. (1969). Recherche immunologique de l'alphal-fo6to-prot6ine ou f6tuine dans les tumeurs primitives du foie et les t6ratomes malins de l'enfant. Arch. franC. Pediat., 26, 779-790.","journal-title":"Arch. franC. Pediat"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"979","article-title":"Synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein by liver, yolk sac and gastrointestinal tract of the human conceptus","volume":"32","author":"Gitlin, D.; Perricelli, A.; Gitlin, G.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Gitlin, D., Perricelli, A., and Gitlin, G. M. (1972). Synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein by liver, yolk sac and gastrointestinal tract of the human conceptus. Cancer Res. 32, 979-982.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910040110","article-title":"Serum a,-foetoprotein (fetuin) in children with malignant ovarian or testicular teratomas: preliminary results","volume":"4","author":"Mawas, C.; Kohen, M.; Lemerle, J.; Buffe, D.; O., Schweisguth; Burtin, P.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Mawas, C., Kohen, M., Lemerle, J., Buffe, D., Schweisguth. O., and Burtin, P. (1969). Serum a,-foetoprotein (fetuin) in children with malignant ovarian or testicular teratomas: preliminary results. Int. J. Cancer, 4, 76-79.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)32645-1","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein: Occurrence in certain malignant diseases and review of clinical applications","volume":"54","author":"Smith, J.B.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Smith, J. B. (1970). Alpha-fetoprotein: Occurrence in certain malignant diseases and review of clinical applications. Med. Clin. N. Amer., 54, 797-803.","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Amer"},{"key":"ref_65","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein occurrence in germinal cell and liver malignancies","author":"Smith, J.B.; O'Neill, R.T.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Smith, J. B., and O'Neill, R. T. (1971). Alpha-fetoprotein occurrence in germinal cell and liver malignancies."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"80","article-title":"Serum alpha-fetoprotein and malignancy in children","volume":"30","author":"Finkelstein, J.Z.; Higgins, G.R.; Faust, J.; Karon, M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Finkelstein, J. Z., Higgins, G. R., Faust, J., and Karon, M. (1970). Serum alpha-fetoprotein and malignancy in children. Cancer (Philad.), 30, 80-83.","journal-title":"Cancer (Philad.)"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910100214","article-title":"Dependence of the specificity of the serologic test for primary liver cancer in different areas of the world on sensitivity of the method used for detecting alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"10","author":"Elgort, D.A.; Abelev, G.I.; O'Connor, G.T.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Elgort, D. A., Abelev, G. I., and O'Connor, G. T. (1972). Dependence of the specificity of the serologic test for primary liver cancer in different areas of the world on sensitivity of the method used for detecting alpha-fetoprotein. Int. J. Cancer, 10, 331-337.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"129","article-title":"Embryonal carcinoma and alphafetoprotein with special reference to hepatoblastoma","volume":"14","author":"Hasegawa, H.; Mukojima, T.; Hattori, M.; Sano, R.; Hirota, T.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hasegawa, H., Mukojima, T., Hattori, M., Sano, R., and Hirota, T. (1973). Embryonal carcinoma and alphafetoprotein with special reference to hepatoblastoma. Gann Monogr. Cancer Res., 14, 129-139.","journal-title":"Gann Monogr. Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197310)32:4<917::AID-CNCR2820320425>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) and alpha-fetoprotein: a report of 3 cases","volume":"32","author":"Tsuchida, Y.; Saito, S.; Ishida, M.; Ohmi, K.; Urano, Y.; Endo, Y.; Oda, T.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Tsuchida, Y., Saito, S., Ishida, M., Ohmi, K., Urano, Y., Endo, Y., and Oda, T. (1973). Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) and alpha-fetoprotein: a report of 3 cases. Cancer (Philad.), 32, 917-921.","journal-title":"Cancer (Philad.)"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80376-7","article-title":"Effect of therapy on the serum level of alpha, fetoprotein in embryonal cell carcinoma","volume":"81","author":"Kithier, K.; Lusher, J.; Brought, J.; Poulik, M.D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"\"Kithier, K., Lusher, J., Brought, J., and Poulik, M. D. (1972). Effect of therapy on the serum level of alpha, fetoprotein in embryonal cell carcinoma. J. Pediat., 81, 71-75.","journal-title":"J. Pediat"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)33140-9","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein and endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary","volume":"116","author":"Wilkinson, E.J.; Friedrich, E.G.; Hosty, T.A.","year":"1973","unstructured":"'Wilkinson, E. J., Friedrich, E. G., and Hosty, T. A. (1973). Alpha-fetoprotein and endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec., 116, 711-714.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910110223","article-title":"Localisation of alpha-fetoprotein in transplantable murine teratocarcinomas","volume":"11","author":"Engelhardt, N.V.; Poltoranina, V.S.; Jazova, A.K.","year":"1973","unstructured":"\"Engelhardt, N. V., Poltoranina, V. S., and Jazova, A. K. (1973). Localisation of alpha-fetoprotein in transplantable murine teratocarcinomas. Int. J. Cancer, 11, 448-459.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"930","article-title":"The occurrence of a serum fetal alprotein in developing mice and murine hepatomas and teratomas","volume":"31","author":"Kahan, B.; Levine, L.","year":"1971","unstructured":"\"Kahan, B., and Levine, L. (1971). The occurrence of a serum fetal alprotein in developing mice and murine hepatomas and teratomas. Cancer Res., 31, 930-936.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/57.4.511","article-title":"Yolk sac carcinoma of the ovary with alpha-fetoprotein in serum and ascitic fluid demonstrated by immunoosmophoresis","volume":"57","author":"Ballas, M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ballas, M. (1972). Yolk sac carcinoma of the ovary with alpha-fetoprotein in serum and ascitic fluid demonstrated by immunoosmophoresis. Amer. J. clin. Path., 57, 511-516.","journal-title":"Amer. J. clin. Path"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92865-6","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in normal and pregnancy sera","volume":"1","author":"Seppala, M.; Ruoslahti, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"\"Seppala, M., and Ruoslahti, E. (1972). Alpha-fetoprotein in normal and pregnancy sera. Lancet, 1, 375-376.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91634-0","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida","volume":"2","author":"Brock, D.J.H.; Sutcliffe, R.G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"\"Brock, D. J. H., and Sutcliffe, R. G. (1972). Alpha-fetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. Lancet, 2, 197-199.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90878-8","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein associated with pregnancy","volume":"116","author":"Ishiguro, T.; Nishimura, T.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Ishiguro, T., and Nishimura, T. (1973). Radioimmunoassay of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein associated with pregnancy. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec., 116, 27-33.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90232-8","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in antenatal diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"SeppalA, M.; Ruoslahti, E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"\"SeppalA, M., and Ruoslahti, E. (1973). Alpha-fetoprotein in antenatal diagnosis. Lancet, 1, 155.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid","volume":"1","author":"Guibaud, S.; Bonnet, M.; Thoulon, J.M.; Dumont, M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Guibaud, S., Bonnet, M., Thoulon, J. M., and Dumont, M. (1973). Alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid. Lancet, 1, 1261-1262.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(72)90117-2","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein during pregnancy and delivery","volume":"112","author":"SeppalIA, M.; Ruoslahti, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"SeppalIA, M., and Ruoslahti, E. (1972). Radioimmunoassay of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein during pregnancy and delivery. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec., 112, 208-212.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92306-9","article-title":"Early prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly","volume":"2","author":"Brock, D.J.H.; Scrimgeour, J.B.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Brock, D. J. H., and Scrimgeour, J. B. (1972). Early prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly. Lancet, 2, 1252-1253.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91190-2","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida","volume":"1","author":"Lorber, J.; Stewart, C.R.; Ward, A.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lorber, J., Stewart, C. R., and Ward, A. M. (1973). Alpha-fetoprotein in antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. Lancet, 1, 1187.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Myelocele and alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid","volume":"1","author":"Nevin, N.C.; Nesbitt, S.; Thompson, W.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nevin, N. C., Nesbitt, S., and Thompson, W. (1973). Myelocele and alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid. Lancet, 1, 1383.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"428","article-title":"Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein levels and prenatal diagnosis of neural-tube defects","volume":"1","author":"Seller, M.J.; Singer, J.D.; Coltart, T.M.; Campbell, S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Seller, M. J., Singer, J. D., Coltart, T. M., and Campbell, S. (1974). Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein levels and prenatal diagnosis of neural-tube defects. Lancet, 1, 428-429.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"429","article-title":"Comparison of amniotic fluid and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in the early antenatal diagnosis of spina bifida and anencephaly","volume":"1","author":"Harris, R.; Jennison, R.F.; Barson, A.J.; Laurence, K.M.; Ruoslahti, E.; Seppala, M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Harris, R., Jennison, R. F., Barson, A. J., Laurence, K. M., Ruoslahti, E., and Seppala, M. (1974). Comparison of amniotic fluid and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in the early antenatal diagnosis of spina bifida and anencephaly. Lancet, 1, 429-433.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.15.10.814","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T20:26:36Z","timestamp":1757276796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.15.10.814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1974,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.15.10.814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.15.10.814","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1974,10]]}}}