{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T13:36:48Z","timestamp":1765633008788,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thirty-nine unselected patients suffering from inoperable, recurrent, or residual adenocarcinoma of the stomach were referred for palliation with fast neutrons from the Medical Research Council's cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital. A full course of 1440 rads given in 12 treatments over 26 days was administered to the patients. Because of the relatively low energy (7-5 MeV) of the beam from this particular machine, it was not possible to deliver the full dose uniformly throughout the tumour except in extremely thin patients. Pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and bleeding were relieved in the majority of cases. The side effects were minimal and easily controlled. Palpable masses disappeared. Five patients required surgery after neutron therapy. All the incisions were made through irradioated tissue and all except one healed normally. Tumour was present outside the treated area, but the absence of any palpable mass within the treated area was a consistent finding. Radiologically, the stomachs remained abnormal and later changes included gross mucosal abnormality and shrinkage. Fourteen patients came to necropsy and in 10 no tumour was present macroscopocally. Tumour cells were seen in all except two cases but these were few, surrounded by dense fibrous tissue, and may not have been viable. The remaining stomach was abnormal with a thickened wall and destruction of mucosa. Three of the four cases in which macroscopic tumour was present received less than the standard dose because of the inadequate penetration of the beam. Excellent regression of tumors was achieved by the neutrons, but the stomachs did not recover from this satisfactorily. Gastrectomy four to six months after treatment is therefore suggested. This operation and other surgical procedures in other patients were successfully carried out. There is a need for higher energy neutrons to improve treatment and extend it to patients of thick-set build.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.2.150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"150-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effects of fast neutrons on inoperable carcinoma of the stomach."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Catterall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Kingsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Grainger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1975,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2040","article-title":"Surgery in radiation injury of the stomach","volume":"22","author":"Bowers, R.F.; Brick, I.B.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Bowers, R. F., and Brick, I. B. (1947). Surgery in radiation injury of the stomach. Surgery, 22, 2040.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1955.04430010040004","article-title":"Effects of million volt irradiation on the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"96","author":"Brick, I.B.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Brick, I. B. (1955). Effects of million volt irradiation on the gastrointestinal tract. Arch. intern. Med., 96, 26-31.","journal-title":"Arch. intern. Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800581024","article-title":"Cancer of stomach and oesophagus","volume":"58","author":"Burn, J.I.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Burn, J. I. (1971). Cancer of stomach and oesophagus. Brit. J. Surg., 58, 798-800.","journal-title":"Brit. J. Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2964(74)90197-2","article-title":"The treatment of advanced cancer by fast neutrons from the Medical Research Council's Cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital, London","volume":"10","author":"Catterall, M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Catterall, M. (1974). The treatment of advanced cancer by fast neutrons from the Medical Research Council's Cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital, London. Europ. J. Cancer, 10, 343-347.","journal-title":"Europ. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2964(74)90200-X","article-title":"Comparison between neutron therapy and '\u00b0Co gamma ray therapy of bronchial, gastric and oesophageal carcinomata","volume":"10","author":"Eichhorn, H.J.; Lessel, A.; Matschke, S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Eichhorn, H. J., Lessel, A., and Matschke, S. (1974). Comparison between neutron therapy and '\u00b0Co gamma ray therapy of bronchial, gastric and oesophageal carcinomata. Europ. J. Cancer, 10, 361-364.","journal-title":"Europ. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"204","article-title":"Effect of 2 million volt Roentgen therapy on various malignant lesions of the upper abdomen","volume":"74","author":"Guttmann, R.J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Guttmann, R. J. (1955). Effect of 2 million volt Roentgen therapy on various malignant lesions of the upper abdomen. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 74, 204-212.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"276","article-title":"Therapeutic Radiology","author":"Moss, W.T.; Brand, W.N.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Moss, W. T., and Brand, W. N. (1969). Therapeutic Radiology, 3rd ed., pp. 276-294. Mosby, St. Louis.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"635","article-title":"The value of megavolt therapy in carcinoma of the stomach","volume":"144","author":"Nordman, E.; Kauppinen, C.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Nordman, E., and Kauppinen, C. (1972). The value of megavolt therapy in carcinoma of the stomach. Strahlentherapic, 144, 635-640.","journal-title":"Strahlentherapic"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"771","article-title":"Neutron therapy and specific ionisation","volume":"59","author":"Stone, R.S.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Stone, R. S. (1948). Neutron therapy and specific ionisation. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 59, 771-785.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"20","article-title":"Megavolttherapie maligner Neoplasien des Magens","volume":"140","author":"Wieland, C.; Hymmen, U.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wieland, C., and Hymmen, U. (1970). Megavolttherapie maligner Neoplasien des Magens. Strahlentherapie, 140, 20-26.","journal-title":"Strahlentherapie"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Personal communication","author":"Weinbren, K.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Weinbren, K. (1974). Personal communication."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.16.2.150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T13:34:51Z","timestamp":1765632891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.16.2.150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1975,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.16.2.150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.16.2.150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]}}}