{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:18:06Z","timestamp":1765603086396,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fourteen coeliac patients on a gluten free diet (GFD) and 10 on a normal diet were studied by lymphocyte transformation in response to PHA to assess the integrity of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Transformation was depressed in the majority taking a normal diet, with improvement after a GFD. In some patients the depression may have been due to a serum factor, as transformation was more nearly normal when the lymphocytes were cultured in pooled AB serum than in their own serum. There was no correlation between transformation and nutritional deficiencies. Mantoux tests were performed in some of these and other coeliac patients and there was a very significant reduction in the incidence of positive tests compared with controls. These findings provide evidence of depressed CMI in coeliac patients taking a normal diet with improvement on a GFD and may be of relevance to the high risk of malignancy in coeliac disease, further strengthening the case for a strict GFD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.11.900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"900-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Depressed cell-mediated immunity in coeliac disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"B B","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Losowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1907","article-title":"Blastizzazione linfocitaria in vitro con fitoemoagglutinina e con glutine inbanbini affetti da morbo celiaco","volume":"22","author":"Ansaldi, N.; DeSanctis, C.; Fabris, C.; Ponzone, A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ansaldi, N., DeSanctis, C., Fabris, C., and Ponzone, A. (1970). Blastizzazione linfocitaria in vitro con fitoemoagglutinina e con glutine inbanbini affetti da morbo celiaco. Minnesota Pediatrics, 22, 1907-1912.","journal-title":"Minnesota Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"Steatorrhea and malignant lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Austad, W.I.; Cornes, J.S.; Gough, K.R.; McCarthy, C.F.; Read, A.E.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Austad, W. I., Cornes, J. S., Gough, K. R., McCarthy, C. F., and Read, A. E. (1967). Steatorrhea and malignant lymphoma. American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 12, 475-490.","journal-title":"American Journal of Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"835","article-title":"Evidence of immunodeficiency in patients with coeliac disease","volume":"15","author":"Baker, P.G.; Jones, J.V.; Peacock, D.B.; Read, A.E.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Baker, P. G., Jones, J. V., Peacock, D. B., and Read, A. E. (1974). Evidence of immunodeficiency in patients with coeliac disease (Abstract). Gut, 15, 835.","journal-title":"(Abstract). Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Impaired IgA responses in coeliac disease. Lancet, 1,1198-1200","author":"Beale, A.J.; Parish, W.E.; Douglas, A.P.; Hobbs, J.R.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Beale, A. J., Parish, W. E., Douglas, A. P., and Hobbs, J. R. (1971). Impaired IgA responses in coeliac disease. Lancet, 1,1198-1200."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"10","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulins and lymphocyte transformation studies in coeliac disease","author":"Blecher, T.E.; Brzechwa-Ajdukiewicz, A.; McCarthy, C.F.; Read, A.E.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Blecher, T. E., Brzechwa-Ajdukiewicz, A., McCarthy, C. F., and Read, A. E. (1969). Serum immunoglobulins and lymphocyte transformation studies in coeliac disease. Gut, 10,57-62."},{"issue":"725-731","key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5726.14","article-title":"Enterocyte in coeliac disease","volume":"3","author":"Booth, C.C.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Booth, C. C. (1970). Enterocyte in coeliac disease. British Medical Journal, 3, 725-731; and 4, 14-17.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)92837-1","article-title":"Immunological aspects of malignant disease","volume":"1","author":"Burnet, F.M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M. (1967). Immunological aspects of malignant disease. Lancet, 1, 1171-1174.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(72)90004-X","article-title":"Liquid scintillation counting techniques in lymphocyte transformation in vitro measured by tritiated thymidine uptake","volume":"1","author":"Caspary, E.A.; Hughes, D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Caspary, E. A., and Hughes, D. (1972). Liquid scintillation counting techniques in lymphocyte transformation in vitro measured by tritiated thymidine uptake. Journal of Immunological Methods, 1, 263-272.","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological Methods"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"198","article-title":"Malignancy and adult coeliac disease","volume-title":"Coeliac Disease","author":"Cooke, W.T.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Cooke, W. T. (1970). Malignancy and adult coeliac disease. In Coeliac Disease, pp. 198-202. Edited by C. C. Booth and R. H. Dowling. Churchill: Edinburgh."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"421","article-title":"The establishment of a normal human population dose-response curve for lymphocytes cultured with PHA (Phytohaemagglutinin)","volume":"8","author":"Fitzgerald, M.G.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, M. G. (1971). The establishment of a normal human population dose-response curve for lymphocytes cultured with PHA (Phytohaemagglutinin). Clinical and Experimental Immnunology, 8, 421-425.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immnunology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.25.2.163","article-title":"A satisfactory quantitative test of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin for the definition of normal control values and recognition of immunological defects","volume":"25","author":"Fitzgerald, M.G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, M. G. (1972). A satisfactory quantitative test of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin for the definition of normal control values and recognition of immunological defects. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 25, 163-168.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5786.527","article-title":"Impaired cellular immunity in kwashiorkor with improvement after therapy","volume":"4","author":"Geefhuysen, J.; Rosen, E.U.; Katz, J.; Ipp, T.; Metz, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Geefhuysen, J., Rosen, E. U., Katz, J., Ipp, T., and Metz, J. (1971). Impaired cellular immunity in kwashiorkor with improvement after therapy. British Medical Journal, 4, 527-529.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.3.3.232","article-title":"Intestinal reticulosis as a complication of idiopathic steatorrhoea","volume":"3","author":"Gough, K.R.; Read, A.E.; Naish, J.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Gough, K. R., Read, A. E., and Naish, J. M. (1972). Intestinal reticulosis as a complication of idiopathic steatorrhoea. Gut, 3, 232-239.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90071-X","article-title":"Malignancy in adult coeliac disease and idiopathic steatorrhoea","volume":"42","year":"1967","unstructured":"Harris, 0. D., Cooke, W. T., Thompson, H., and Waterhouse, J. A. H. (1967). Malignancy in adult coeliac disease and idiopathic steatorrhoea. American Journal of Medicine, 42, 899-912.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5650.159","article-title":"Immune response to gluten in adult coeliac disease","volume":"2","author":"Housley, J.; Asquith, P.; Cooke, W.T.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Housley, J., Asquith, P., and Cooke, W. T. (1969). Immune response to gluten in adult coeliac disease. British Medical Journal, 2, 159-161.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1159\/000230240","article-title":"Lymphocyte transformation in vitro measured by tritiated thymidine uptake","volume":"37","author":"Hughes, D.; Caspary, E.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hughes, D., and Caspary, E. A. (1970). Lymphocyte transformation in vitro measured by tritiated thymidine uptake. I. Lymphocyte culture techniques. International Archives of Allergy, 37, 506-531.","journal-title":"I. Lymphocyte culture techniques. International Archives of Allergy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91228-2","article-title":"Why are small-bowel tumours so rare?","volume":"1","author":"Lowenfels, A.B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lowenfels, A. B. (1973). Why are small-bowel tumours so rare?Lancet, 1, 24-26.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"year":"1971","author":"Maclaurin, B.P.; Cooke, W.T.; Ling, N.R.","key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Maclaurin, B. P., Cooke, W. T., and Ling, N. R. (1971)."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"7","article-title":"Lymphoreticular dysfunction in idiopathic steatorrhoea","author":"McCarthy, C.F.; Fraser, I.D.; Evans, K.T.; Read, A.E.","year":"1966","unstructured":"McCarthy, C. F., Fraser, I. D., Evans, K. T., and Read, A. E. (1966). Lymphoreticular dysfunction in idiopathic steatorrhoea. Gut, 7,140-148."},{"year":"1972","author":"Morganroth, J.; Watson, D.W.; French, A.B.","key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Morganroth, J., Watson, D. W., and French, A. B. (1972)."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cellular and humoral sensitivity to gluten fractions in patients with treated nontropical sprue","unstructured":"Cellular and humoral sensitivity to gluten fractions in patients with treated nontropical sprue. American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 17,205-212.","journal-title":"American Journal of Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"392","article-title":"Depletion of thymus-dependent lymphocytes in adult coeliac disease (Abstract)","volume":"16","author":"O'Donoghue, D.P.; Lancaster-Smith, M.; Kumar, P.J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"O'Donoghue, D. P., Lancaster-Smith, M., and Kumar, P. J. (1975). Depletion of thymus-dependent lymphocytes in adult coeliac disease (Abstract). Gut, 16, 392.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(72)90022-1","article-title":"Lymphocyte transformation using whole blood cultures: an analysis ofresponses","volume":"2","author":"Paty, D.W.; Hughes, D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Paty, D. W., and Hughes, D. (1972). Lymphocyte transformation using whole blood cultures: an analysis ofresponses. Journal ofImmunological Methods, 2, 99-114.","journal-title":"Journal ofImmunological Methods"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"725","article-title":"Lymphocyte transformation in coeliac disease (Letter)","volume":"2","author":"Popovic, O.; Andrejevic, M.; Pendic, B.; Lovric, L.; Djordjevfc, V.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Popovic, O., Andrejevic, M., Pendic, B., Lovric, L., and Djordjevfc, V. (1970). Lymphocyte transformation in coeliac disease (Letter). Lancet, 2, 725.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000229939","article-title":"The variation in response of human peripheral lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in vitro","volume":"32","author":"Richter, M.; Naspitz, C.K.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Richter, M., and Naspitz, C. K. (1967). The variation in response of human peripheral lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in vitro. International Archives ofAllergy, 32, 288-293.","journal-title":"International Archives ofAllergy"},{"key":"ref_26","article-title":"Lymphocyte transformation in vitro","author":"Schellekens, P.T.A.; Eijsvoogel, V.P.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Schellekens, P. T. A., and Eijsvoogel, V. P. (1968). Lymphocyte transformation in vitro."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"\"571","article-title":"Tissue culture conditions and quantitative measurements","volume":"3","author":"Smythe, P.M.; Schonland, M.; Brereton-Stiles, G.G.; Coovadia, H.M.; Grace, H.J.; Loening, W.E.K.; Mafoyane, A.; Parent, M.A.; Vos, G.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tissue culture conditions and quantitative measurements. Clinical and Experirnental Imnmunology, 3, 571-584. Smythe, P. M., Schonland, M., Brereton-Stiles, G. G., Coovadia, H. M., Grace, H. J., Loening, W. E. K., Mafoyane, A., Parent, M. A., and Vos, G. H. (1971). Thymolymphatic deficiency and depression of cellmediated immunity in protein-calorie malnutrition. Lancet, 2,939-944.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experirnental Imnmunology; Thymolymphatic deficiency and depression of cellmediated immunity in protein-calorie malnutrition"},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"Malignancy","author":"Stokes, P.L.; Holmes, G.K.T.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Stokes, P. L., and Holmes, G. K. T. (1974). Malignancy."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/204998b0","article-title":"Microdroplet assay of human serum cytotoxins","volume":"204","author":"Terasaki, P.I.; McClelland, J.D.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Terasaki, P. I., and McClelland, J. D. (1964). Microdroplet assay of human serum cytotoxins. Nature, 204, 998-1000.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"year":"1972","author":"Waldmann, T.A.; Strober, W.; Blaese, R.M.","key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Waldmann, T. A., Strober, W., and Blaese, R. M. (1972)."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)34345-8","article-title":"Carcinogen-detoxifying mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"51","author":"Wattenberg, L.W.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Wattenberg, L. W. (1966). Carcinogen-detoxifying mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology, 51, 932-935.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"year":"1974","author":"Weetman, A.P.; Haggith, J.; Douglas, A.P.","key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Weetman, A. P., Haggith, J., and Douglas, A. P. (1974)."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"66","article-title":"Development of macrophages in phytohaemagglutinin cultures of blood from patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea and with cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Winter, G.C.B.; McCarthy, C.F.; Read, A.E.; Yoffey, J.M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Winter, G. C. B., McCarthy, C. F., Read, A. E., and Yoffey, J. M. (1967). Development of macrophages in phytohaemagglutinin cultures of blood from patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea and with cirrhosis. British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 48, 66-80.","journal-title":"British Journal of Experimental Pathology"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.17.11.900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:15:26Z","timestamp":1765602926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.17.11.900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.17.11.900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.17.11.900","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,11]]}}}