{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T13:50:45Z","timestamp":1765633845409,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Responses of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) to pentagastrin, given by continuous intravenous infusion in doses ranging between 0 and 9 mug\/kg\/h, and to external abdominal compression were measured by infused catheters in healthy subjects and in a group of patients with reflux oesophagitis. In separate experiments, pressures were measured both by sensors stationary within the LOS, and by repeated continuous withdrawals of sensors from stomach to distal oesophagus. In normal subjects, doses of pentagastrin within the physiological range (0.9 mug\/kg\/h) produced modest but statistically significant increases in LOS pressure. By comparison, sphincteric responses in patients with oesophagitis were small and a dose of 4-5 mug\/kg\/h was the lowest that produced a significant increase in LOS pressure. During abdominal compression increases in LOS pressure did not significantly exceed increases in intragastric pressure in either patients or normal subjects. This was so at all doses of pentagastrin that were tested. Hence, there was no evidence of synergism between the effects of pentagastrin and abdominal compression upon the LOS. We infer from our findings that gastrin does play a modest role in the physiological regulation of human LOS tone. Relative insensitivity of the incompetent LOS to pentagastrin represents, we believe, sphincteric muscle failure. Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that LOS incompetence is due to loss or impairment of an adaptive response of the LOS to alterations in intra-abdominal pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.12.933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"933-939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Responses of the competent and incompetent lower oesophageal sphincter to pentagastrin and abdominal compression."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M D","family":"Kaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Rein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W P","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J P","family":"Showalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"LOS pressure measurements were obtained by a continuous withdrawal technique. For each measurement, the recording openings were withdrawn from the stomach to distal oesophagus at a rate of 1 cm\/s by means of a device similar to that described by Waldeck","volume-title":"During withdrawals, subjects held their breath at the end of a tidal respiration. They were instructed not to swallow during, and for 30 seconds before withdrawal. Measurements were repeated if swallowing occurred, if breathholding was unsatisfactory, or if there was evidence of a Valsalva manoeuvre. On some occasions in patients with oesophagitis, an LOS pressure profile was not recorded during abdominal compression due to sphincteric incompetence and formation of a common cavity. In these instances, also, pullthroughs were repeated","year":"1972","unstructured":"LOS pressure measurements were obtained by a continuous withdrawal technique. For each measurement, the recording openings were withdrawn from the stomach to distal oesophagus at a rate of 1 cm\/s by means of a device similar to that described by Waldeck (1972). During withdrawals, subjects held their breath at the end of a tidal respiration. They were instructed not to swallow during, and for 30 seconds before withdrawal. Measurements were repeated if swallowing occurred, if breathholding was unsatisfactory, or if there was evidence of a Valsalva manoeuvre. On some occasions in patients with oesophagitis, an LOS pressure profile was not recorded during abdominal compression due to sphincteric incompetence and formation of a common cavity. In these instances, also, pullthroughs were repeated."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.17.12.933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T13:46:18Z","timestamp":1765633578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.17.12.933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.17.12.933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.17.12.933","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]}}}