{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T08:23:06Z","timestamp":1765614186085,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were evaluated in 131 jejunal mucosal biopsies taken from children with a small intestinal enteropathy arising from a variety of causes including coeliac disease, (untreated, after gluten withdrawal, and during subsequent challenge), giardiasis, cow's milk protein intolerance, and 'intractable diarrhoea'. The counts were compared with those from the biopsies of children referred for investigation but in whom no gastrointestinal disease was demonstrated and from healthy siblings of children with coeliac disease, investigated during a family study. Children with coeliac disease showed a raised count which fell after gluten withdrawal as has been demonstrated by others in adults. Lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium increased rapidly during gluten challenge in such children, while no change was seen in those children proven ultimately not to have coeliac disease by the usually recognized criteria. In other enteropathies the range of counts was wide, overlapping with both normal and coeliac groups and indicating the nonspecificity of lymphocytic infiltration of the gut epithelium. The findings are discussed in relation to their significance and to further avenues of investigation to determine their possible diagnostic value in confirming the diagnosis of coeliac disease during gluten challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.8.600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"600-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Evaluation of the intraepithelial lymphocyte count in the jejunum in childhood enteropathies."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Mavromichalis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Brueton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A S","family":"McNeish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"488","article-title":"The local immune response","volume":"36","author":"Bienenstock, J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bienenstock, J. (1975). The local immune response. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 36, 488-491.","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Jejunal mucosal recovery in coeliac disease in relation to the degree of adherence to a gluten-free diet","volume":"43","author":"Dissanayake, A.S.; Truelove, S.C.; Whitehead, R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dissanayake, A. S., Truelove, S. C., and Whitehead, R. (1974). Jejunal mucosal recovery in coeliac disease in relation to the degree of adherence to a gluten-free diet. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 43, 161-185.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(71)90056-6","article-title":"Gamma A and non-gamma A immune response after oral and parenteral immunization of the hamster","volume":"2","author":"Dolezel, J.; Bienenstock, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dolezel, J., and Bienenstock, J. (1971). Gamma A and non-gamma A immune response after oral and parenteral immunization of the hamster. Cellular Immunology, 2, 458-468.","journal-title":"Cellular Immunology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.12.988","article-title":"Quantitation of intraepithelial lymphocytes in human jejunum","volume":"12","author":"Ferguson, A.; Murray, D.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ferguson, A., and Murray, D. (1971). Quantitation of intraepithelial lymphocytes in human jejunum. Gut, 12, 988-994.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"12","article-title":"The effect of antigen deprivation on thymus-dependent and thymusindependent lymphocytes in the small intestine of the mouse","author":"Ferguson, A.; Parrott, D.M.V.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ferguson, A., and Parrott, D. M. V. (1972). The effect of antigen deprivation on thymus-dependent and thymusindependent lymphocytes in the small intestine of the mouse. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 12,477-488.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5823.371","article-title":"Lymphocytic infiltration of epithelium in diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy","volume":"3","author":"Fry, L.; Seah, P.P.; McMinn, R.M.H.; Hoffbrand, A.V.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fry, L., Seah, P. P., McMinn, R. M. H., and Hoffbrand, A. V. (1972). Lymphocytic infiltration of epithelium in diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. British Medical Journal, 3, 371-374.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830040610","article-title":"The gut-associated lymphoid system: nature and properties of the large dividing cells","volume":"4","author":"Guy-Grand, D.; Griscelli, C.; Vassalli, P.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Guy-Grand, D., Griscelli, C., and Vassalli, P. (1974). The gut-associated lymphoid system: nature and properties of the large dividing cells. European Journal of Immunology, 4, 435-443.","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.15.4.278","article-title":"Cellular infiltrate of jejunal biopsies in adult coeliac disease in relation to gluten withdrawal","volume":"15","author":"Holmes, G.K.T.; Asquith, P.; Stokes, P.L.; Cooke, W.T.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Holmes, G. K. T., Asquith, P., Stokes, P. L., and Cooke, W. T. (1974). Cellular infiltrate of jejunal biopsies in adult coeliac disease in relation to gluten withdrawal. Gut, 15, 278-283.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"320347","article-title":"The pathology of malabsorption states","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Pathology","author":"Hourihane, D.O.' B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hourihane, D. O' B. (1966). The pathology of malabsorption states. In Recent Advances in Pathology, 8th edn, pp. 320347. Edited by C. V. Harrison. Churchill: London.","edition":"8th edn"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.14.4.280","article-title":"Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with corticosteroids and a gluten-free diet: a study of jejunal morphology and function","volume":"14","author":"Kumar, P.J.; Silk, D.B.A.; Marks, R.; Clark, M.L.; Dawson, A.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kumar, P. J., Silk, D. B. A., Marks, R., Clark, M. L., and Dawson, A. M. (1973). Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with corticosteroids and a gluten-free diet: a study of jejunal morphology and function. Gut, 14, 280-283","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.9.665","article-title":"Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. I. Electron microscopic evidence of 'blast transformation' in epithelial lymphocytes of mouse small intestinal mucosa","volume":"16","author":"Marsh, M.N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Marsh, M. N. (1975a). Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. I. Electron microscopic evidence of 'blast transformation' in epithelial lymphocytes of mouse small intestinal mucosa. Gut, 16, 665-674.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.9.674","article-title":"Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. II. Aspects of proliferation and migration of epithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of mice","volume":"16","author":"Marsh, M.N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Marsh, M. N. (1975b). Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. II. Aspects of proliferation and migration of epithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of mice. 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