{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T04:02:41Z","timestamp":1765598561882,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1961,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a re-appraisal of the supposedly rare Mallory-Weiss syndrome in which 11 patients with mucosal tears at the oesophagogastric junction are described. The fact that these cases were collected from general hospitals within a short period suggests that the condition is more common than supposed and may account for a considerable proportion of the 20 to 25% of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom no radiological abnormality can subsequently be found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 11 patients, eight presented with gastrointestinal bleeding, two with mediastinitis, and one without relevant symptoms. The classical history of antecedent vomiting before the bleeding was obtained in only four patients, its absence not excluding the diagnosis. The presence of a small hiatal hernia in four patients appeared to predispose to mucosal tears as did mucosal atrophy occurring with advancing age. Some experimental findings pertaining to the mechanism of the tears are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2.1.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Mucosal tears at the oesophagogastric junction (the Mallory-Weiss syndrome)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. B.","family":"Bottrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. T.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winifred M.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Gadsby","family":"Peet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. E.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1961,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1138","article-title":"The oesophagogastric sphincter in hiatus demonstrated radiologically, they are in a region hernia","volume":"2","author":"Atkinson, M.; Edwards, D.A.W.; Honour, A.J.; Rowlands, E.N.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Atkinson, M., Edwards, D. A. W., Honour, A. J., and Rowlands, E. N. (1957). The oesophagogastric sphincter in hiatus demonstrated radiologically, they are in a region hernia. Lancet, 2, 1138-1142.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"992","article-title":"Gastrectomy for massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage of unknown cause","volume":"2","author":"Bruce, J.; Dudley, H.A.F.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Bruce, J., and Dudley, H. A. F. (1959). Gastrectomy for massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage of unknown cause. Ibid., 2, 992-994.","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(60)80067-0","article-title":"Ward barium meal examination in acute gastro-intestinal haemorrhage","volume":"11","author":"Cantwell, D.F.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cantwell, D. F. (1960). Ward barium meal examination in acute gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. Clin. Radiol., 11, 60-64.","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage: clinico-pathologic necropsy. Bleeding from these tears may cease spontaneously, and if the diagnosis is suspected on clinical grounds endoscopy may provide confirmation if performed within a week of bleeding","author":"Chalmers, T.C.; Zamcheck, N.; Curtins, G.W.; White, F.W.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Chalmers, T. C., Zamcheck, N., Curtins, G. W., and White, F. W. (1952). Fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage: clinico-pathologic necropsy. Bleeding from these tears may cease spontaneously, and if the diagnosis is suspected on clinical grounds endoscopy may provide confirmation if performed within a week of bleeding."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"957","article-title":"Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Hemorrhage from gastroesophageal lacerations at the cardiac orifice of the stomach","volume":"249","author":"Decker, J.P.; Zamcheck, N.; Mallory, G.K.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Decker, J. P., Zamcheck, N., and Mallory, G. K. (1953). Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Hemorrhage from gastroesophageal lacerations at the cardiac orifice of the stomach. New Engl. J. Med., 249, 957-963.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"39","key":"ref_6","first-page":"49","article-title":"Exulceratio simplex: L'intervention chirurgicale dans les hemat6meses foudroyantes cons6cutives a l'exulceration simple de l'estomac","volume":"3","author":"Dieulafoy, G.","year":"1898","unstructured":"Dieulafoy, G. (1898). Exulceratio simplex: L'intervention chirurgicale dans les hemat6meses foudroyantes cons6cutives a l'exulceration simple de l'estomac. Bull. Acad. Med. (Paris), 3 ser., 39, 49-84.","journal-title":"Bull. Acad. Med. (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Hiatal hernia complex. Hiatal hernia, peptic esophagitis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, hemorrhage and possibility of mucosal tears; in the absence of an obvious source of bleeding the cardia should be inspected through a gastrotomy opening. Should such an inspection be neglected and an empirical 'blind' gastrectomy be performed, bleeding may well continue. If a mucosal tear is found at operation carefully placed sutures will usually control the bleeding","volume-title":"(Scott and Newton, 1958) as in Cases I and","volume":"2","author":"Fleischner, F.G.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Fleischner, F. G. (1956). Hiatal hernia complex. Hiatal hernia, peptic esophagitis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, hemorrhage and possibility of mucosal tears; in the absence of an obvious source of bleeding the cardia should be inspected through a gastrotomy opening. Should such an inspection be neglected and an empirical 'blind' gastrectomy be performed, bleeding may well continue. If a mucosal tear is found at operation carefully placed sutures will usually control the bleeding (Scott and Newton, 1958) as in Cases I and 2."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1954.01270030094008","article-title":"Severe hemorrhage in presumed peptic ulcer. Surgical treatment in the absence of demonstrable lesion","volume":"69","author":"Gilchrist, R.K.; Chun, N.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Gilchrist, R. K., and Chun, N. (1954). Severe hemorrhage in presumed peptic ulcer. Surgical treatment in the absence of demonstrable lesion. A.M.A. Arch. Surg., 69, 366-377.","journal-title":"A. M. A. Arch. Surg"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(56)80033-4","article-title":"Mallory-Weiss Syndrome. Report of case diagnosed by gastroscopy","volume":"30","author":"Hardy, J.T.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Hardy, J. T. (1956). Mallory-Weiss Syndrome. Report of case diagnosed by gastroscopy. Gastroenterology, 30, 681-685.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"166","article-title":"Hematemesis and melena with special reference to causation and to the factors influencing the mortality from bleeding peptic ulcers","volume":"30","author":"Jones, F.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Jones, F. Avery (1956). Hematemesis and melena with special reference to causation and to the factors influencing the mortality from bleeding peptic ulcers. Ibid., 30, 166-190.","journal-title":"Avery"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"269","article-title":"Gastric biopsy. A study of 1,000 consecutive successful gastric biopsies","volume":"24","author":"Joske, R.A.; Finckh, E.S.; Wood, I.J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Joske, R. A., Finckh, E. S., and Wood, I. J. (1955). Gastric biopsy. A study of 1,000 consecutive successful gastric biopsies. Quart. J. Med., 24 (n.s.), 269-294.","journal-title":"Quart. J. Med"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02231261","article-title":"Massive hemorrhage following gastroscopy; probable example of Mallory-Weiss syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Kelley, Jr, M.L.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Kelley, M. L., Jr. (1958). Massive hemorrhage following gastroscopy; probable example of Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Amer. J. dig. Dis., n.s. 3, 454-463.","journal-title":"Amer. J. dig. Dis"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"318","article-title":"The Mallory-Weiss syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Kellogg, R. 0.; Blackburn, N. P","year":"1954","unstructured":"Kellogg, R. 0., and Blackburn, N. P. (1954). The Mallory-Weiss syndrome. J. Maine med. Ass., 45, 318-320.","journal-title":"J. Maine med. Ass"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"345","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: an experimental and clinical study","volume":"95","author":"Mackler, S.A.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Mackler, S. A. (1952). Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: an experimental and clinical study. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 95, 345-356.","journal-title":"Surg. Gynec. Obstet"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Hemorrhages from lacerations of the cardiac orifice of the stomach due to vomiting. Amer","author":"Mallory, G.K.; Weiss, S.","year":"1929","unstructured":"Mallory, G. K., and Weiss, S. (1929). Hemorrhages from lacerations of the cardiac orifice of the stomach due to vomiting. Amer."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000200561","article-title":"The closing mechanism between the oesophagus and the stomach","volume":"86","author":"Nauta, J.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Nauta, J. (1956). The closing mechanism between the oesophagus and the stomach. Gastroenterologia (Basel), 86, 219-232.","journal-title":"Gastroenterologia (Basel)"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-36-6-1484","article-title":"Observations on the vigorous diagnostic approach to severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage","volume":"36","author":"Palmer, E.D.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Palmer, E. D. (1952). Observations on the vigorous diagnostic approach to severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Ann. intern. Med., 36, 1484-1491.","journal-title":"Ann. intern. Med"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"344","author":"Schiff, L.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Schiff, L. (1947). In Signs and Symptoms, ed. C. M. MacBryde, pp. 344-359. Lippincott, Philadelphia."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02231262","article-title":"Mallory-Weiss syndrome-report of a case treated surgically","volume":"3","author":"Scott, N. M. Jr.; Newton, D. E","year":"1958","unstructured":"Scott, N. M. Jr., and Newton, D. E. (1958). Mallory-Weiss syndrome-report of a case treated surgically. Amer. J. dig. Dis., n.s. 3, 464-468.","journal-title":"Amer. J. dig. Dis"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004619502","article-title":"Mallory-Weiss syndrome-a case with recovery after total gastrectomy","volume":"46","author":"Shuttleworth, K.E.D.; Hutt, M.S.R.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Shuttleworth, K. E. D., and Hutt, M. S. R. (1958). Mallory-Weiss syndrome-a case with recovery after total gastrectomy. Brit. J. Surg., 46, 1-3.","journal-title":"Brit. J. Surg"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195802062580607","article-title":"Laceration of the distal esophagus due to vomiting (the Mallory-Weiss syndrome). Report of a case with massive hemorrhage and recovery after repair of the laceration","volume":"258","author":"Small, A.B.; Ellis, P.R.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Small, A. B., and Ellis, P. R. (1958). Laceration of the distal esophagus due to vomiting (the Mallory-Weiss syndrome). Report of a case with massive hemorrhage and recovery after repair of the laceration. New Engl. J. Med., 258, 285-286.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.2.1.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T03:58:28Z","timestamp":1765598308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.2.1.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1961,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1961,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1961,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.2.1.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.2.1.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1961,3]]}}}