{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:13:02Z","timestamp":1776402782061,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    It is now generally accepted that coeliac disease (CD) is caused by inflammatory T cell responses to gluten peptides bound to HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 molecules. There is overwhelming evidence that CD patients can mount T cell responses to peptides found in both \u03b1-gliadin and \u03b3-gliadin molecules. Assays that would detect the presence or absence of such peptides in food would thus be accurate indicators of safety for consumption by CD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The development of a sensitive method to detect T cell stimulatory epitopes of \u03b1-gliadin and \u03b3-gliadin molecules in food products.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were raised against peptides encoding the T cell stimulatory epitopes of \u03b1-gliadin (amino acids (aa) 59\u201371) and aa \u03b3-gliadin (aa 142\u2013153 and aa 147\u2013159). These mAb competition assays were developed that quantitatively detect T cell stimulatory epitopes present on both intact proteins and peptides of sizes recognisable by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    With the mAb based competition assays, T cell epitopes were detected in pepsin\/trypsin digests of wheat proteins and ethanol extracts of various food products, with detection levels lower than those reached with gluten specific T cells. Moreover, the presence of T cell stimulatory epitopes was also detected in preparations of barley, rye, and triticale, other cereals known to be toxic for CD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A new antibody based method has been developed, detecting the presence of T cell stimulatory gluten peptides. This can be used to further ensure the safety of food consumed by CD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.037952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]],"date-time":"2004-08-11T19:02:47Z","timestamp":1092250967000},"page":"1267-1273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A novel and sensitive method for the detection of T cell stimulatory epitopes of \u03b1\/\u03b2- and \u03b3-gliadin"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"E H A","family":"Spaenij-Dekking","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E M C","family":"Kooy-Winkelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W F","family":"Nieuwenhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Drijfhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.1","first-page":"34","volume":"42","year":"1952","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91819-P","volume":"102","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-17.x","volume":"46","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03640.x"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(94)90047-7"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(94)90267-4"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.1.187"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(94)00086-6"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00397.x"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33606"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10050"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3133::AID-IMMU3133>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00890-4"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.4.1585","volume":"161","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20012028"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204521200"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200105)31:5<1317::AID-IMMU1317>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-17.x","volume":"46","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02706.x"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(90)90111-2"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.345"},{"key":"2025121219441545000_53.9.1267.22","unstructured":"Report of the 25th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Nutrition and Foods For Special Dietary Uses. 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