{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:28:07Z","timestamp":1791998887870,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and gastric atrophy are both risk factors for gastric cancer. We aimed to elucidate the natural history of gastric cancer development according to\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and gastric atrophy status.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects and methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 9293 participants in a mass health appraisal programme were candidates for inclusion in the present prospective cohort study: 6983 subjects revisited the follow up programme. Subjects were classified into four groups according to serological status at initial endoscopy. Group A (n\u200a=\u200a3324) had \u201cnormal\u201d pepsinogen and were negative for\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibody; group B (n\u200a=\u200a2134) had \u201cnormal\u201d pepsinogen and were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibody; group C (n\u200a=\u200a1082) had \u201catrophic\u201d pepsinogen and were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibody; and group D (n\u200a=\u200a443) had \u201catrophic\u201d pepsinogen and were negative for\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibody. Incidence of gastric cancer was determined by annual endoscopic examination.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mean duration of follow up was 4.7 years and the average number of endoscopic examinations was 5.1. The annual incidence of gastric cancer was 0.04% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02\u20130.09), 0.06% (0.03\u20130.13), 0.35% (0.23\u20130.57), and 0.60% (0.34\u20131.05) in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Hazard ratios compared with group A were 1.1 (95% CI 0.4\u20133.4), 6.0 (2.4\u201314.5), and 8.2 (3.2\u201321.5) in groups B, C, and D, respectively. Age, sex, and \u201cgroup\u201d significantly served as independent valuables by multivariate analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The combination of serum pepsinogen and anti-\n                    <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibody provides a good predictive marker for the development of gastric cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.055400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,11]],"date-time":"2005-05-11T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1115838207000},"page":"764-768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":338,"title":["Predicting the development of gastric cancer from combining\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    antibodies and serum pepsinogen status: a prospective endoscopic cohort 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