{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:49:46Z","timestamp":1791002986038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Current understanding of T cell epitopes in coeliac disease (CD) largely derives from intestinal T cell clones in vitro. T cell clones allow identification of gluten peptides that stimulate T cells but do not quantify their contribution to the overall gluten specific T cell response in individuals with CD when exposed to gluten in vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To determine the contribution of a putative dominant T cell epitope to the overall gliadin T cell response in HLA-DQ2 CD in vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Patients:<\/jats:bold>\n                    HLA-DQ2+ individuals with CD and healthy controls.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Subjects consumed 20 g of gluten daily for three days. Interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) ELISPOT was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to enumerate and characterise peptide and gliadin specific T cells before and after gluten challenge.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In 50\/59 CD subjects, irrespective of homo- or heterozygosity for HLA-DQ2, IFN-\u03b3 ELISPOT responses for an optimal concentration of A-gliadin 57\u201373 Q-E65 were between 10 and 1500 per million PBMC, equivalent to a median 51% of the response for a \u201cnear optimal\u201d concentration of deamidated gliadin. Whole deamidated gliadin and gliadin epitope specific T cells induced in peripheral blood expressed an intestinal homing integrin (\u03b14\u03b27) and were HLA-DQ2 restricted. Peripheral blood T cells specific for A-gliadin 57\u201373 Q-E65 are rare in untreated CD but can be predictably induced two weeks after gluten exclusion.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In vivo gluten challenge is a simple safe method that allows relevant T cells to be analysed and quantified in peripheral blood by ELISPOT, and should permit comprehensive high throughput mapping of gluten T cell epitopes in large numbers of individuals with CD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.059998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,11]],"date-time":"2005-08-11T21:57:54Z","timestamp":1123797474000},"page":"1217-1223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["T cells in peripheral blood after gluten challenge in coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"R 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